园是南京仅存的一组保存完好的明代古典园林建筑群，它历史悠久、人文荟萃，景色宜人与无锡寄畅园、苏州拙政园和留园并称“江南四大名园”作为学校小书虫俱乐部成员，我和大家一样都盼着能有这样的机会——游瞻园。机会来了，一条振奋人心的消息在我们会员中流传开来，本周五小书虫俱乐部将安排游瞻园活动。所有的会员们都翘首期盼那一刻……周五，我们会员随俱乐部的朱老师和施老师一路欢歌笑语来到大家期盼的瞻园。走进大门，同学们迫不及待地拿出各式工具，照相机、笔、纸等，认真地做着各种记录。
瞻园已逾600高龄。明初，朱元璋因念功臣徐达“未有宁居”，特给中山王徐达建成了这所府邸花园，清代乾隆皇帝南巡时，题书“瞻园”二字。1853年太平天国定都南京后，先后为东王杨秀清和夏官丞相赖汉英的王府花园。瞻园分东西两个部分，大门在东半部，大门对面有照壁，照壁前是一块太平天国起义浮雕。大门上悬一大匾书“金陵第一园”，字系赵朴初所题。进门正中是一尊洪秀全半身铜像。二进大厅上有郭沫若题写的“太平天国历史陈列”匾额，主要陈列文物有天父上帝玉垄、天王皇袍、忠王金冠、大旗、宝剑、石槽等，该馆现已收集到太平天国文物1600余件，其中有42件是国家的.一级文物。西半部可是我们同学最开心的地方，她是一座典型的江南园林，园内古建筑有一览阁、花篮厅、致爽轩、迎翠轩及曲折环绕的回廊，这些建筑和回廊把整个瞻园分成5个小庭院和一个主园。静妙堂位于主园中部，三面环水，一面依陆，堂之南北各有一座假山，水是相通的，西边假山上还有岁寒亭一座。园不大，颇具特色，是江南名园之一。我们俱乐部的同学们来到这儿就迫不及待在一起嬉戏，做着开心的游戏，围着假山捉起迷藏，真正体会了一次“游”。如今的瞻园，峰石峥嵘、池沼秀异;深院回廊，曲径通幽;亭台楼阁，错落有致;古树名卉，蕴玉吐芳;名联题刻，藏函凝香。既保留了明、清园林特色，又汲取了我国南方之秀、北方之雄的造园艺术精华，兼容并蓄、宛若天成。一路的欣赏、探讨、学习、游戏、争论，让所有人忘记了时间的流逝，在走出大门时，我才体会到“流连忘返”的真正含义。
各位游客：南京有两座保存完好的古典名园，一座是曾经作为太平天国天王府的煦园，另一座是建于明朝初期，距今已有600多年历史的瞻园。现在我们将去参观的是瞻园。
【历史沿革;明朝王府—杨秀清东王府—“中统局”杂院】
在前往瞻园途中，我先来介绍一下瞻园的历史：瞻园位于南京夫子庙西瞻园路。初建于明代洪武年间，原为朱元璋称帝前的吴王府，后赐给明初开国功臣中山王徐达，作为他安度晚年的府邸花园。
在600多年的历史经历中，瞻园几易其主。清代，中山王府改成江宁布政司所在地，瞻园由私家花园变成行署园林。1853年太平天国定都南京，先是作为东王杨秀清的东王府，继而又成了夏宫副丞相赖汉英的邻国。太平天国失败后，遭到清军破坏。同治四年、光绪二十九年曾两次重修。国民党统治时期，这座江南名园曾是国民党“中统局”的杂院，荒芜不堪。新中国成立后，1960年在刘敦桢教授的主持下开始整建，历时六年，到1966年，建成目前所见的面貌。
【乾隆与瞻园—瞻园总体概况】
瞻园到了。各位现在看到的赡园大门上的砖刻，“瞻园”二字，是清高宗弘历(即乾隆皇帝)的手迹。据历史记载，乾隆下江南时来到江宁(南京)曾驻此，并题有“瞻望玉堂”四字，瞻园之名也由此而来。乾隆对瞻园风光十分垂青，回京后还命人在京城北郊长春园中仿照瞻圆形式建造了如园，足见瞻园园艺的精湛。
的确，瞻园作为江南名园，风景优美，布局合理。整座园林既有人文景观，又有自然景观，游人到此，定会心旷神怡，赏心悦目。
瞻园分为两大游赏区，东面为南京太平天国历史博物馆，共分五个馆，分别是序馆和一至四馆，1958年开始在此举办太平大国革命历史展览。南、北、西三面为假山，主体建筑静妙堂把园林分成南面小北面大的两个空间，各成环游路线，成功地弥补了南北空间狭长的缺陷。下面就请大家进内参观。
【仙人蜂—绮云峰—南石山】
各位游客：山、水、石是瞻园的主景。进入园内，我们首先看到这南门后的庭园中置立着一块玉立多姿的太湖石，这就是仙人峰。此处前有落地漏窗作框景，从暗窥明，恰似一幅山水条幅画卷，用以作为人口的对景和障景，十分恰当。仙人峰是瞻园名石的代表，瞻园的奇石还有缔云峰、友松石、步石、炸石等，为江南园林山石之珍品，有些还是宋徽宗花石纲遗物。
步入回廊，曲折前行，经海棠院，只见在花篮厅东南角的桂花丛中一块突兀灵秀的太湖石又呈现在我们面前，这便是和仙人峰齐名的绮云峰。
看完石景，我们再去看山景。瞻园分为南石山和北石山两组，全系假山堆叠而成，但堆造之精，面积之大，确是巧夺天工。有人说瞻园是著名的假山园，全园面积仅8亩，假山就占3.7亩。
现在我们来到了南石山。它给人的总体感觉是气势雄浑，山峰峭拔，洞壑幽深。只见假山上伸下缩，形成蟹爪形的大山岫，钳住水面。进人假山内，我们还可看到暗处有仿自然石灰岩的溶蚀景观，悬坠了几块钟乳石，造成实中有虚，虚中有实，层次丰富，主次分明的山水景观。山上的植物让这座假山透出了勃勃生机，请看水池东北各有古树两株，栽种于明代，已饱经600年风霜，只见紫藤盘根错节，女贞翠绿丰满。另有牡丹、樱花、红枫等点缀其间，衬托了南石山秀丽多姿的特色。
【静妙堂一北石山】
游客们：现在我们来到了静妙堂。静妙堂是全园的中心，系一座面临水池的鸳鸯厅，它将全园分成南北两大空间，并置有南北两大水池。我们先来看一下南水池，它紧接静妙堂南沿，略呈葫芦形，靠近建筑一面大而南端收小。再看北水池，空间比较开阔，曲折而富变化。东临边廊，北濒石矶，西连石壁，南接草坪。在静妙堂西侧，有一泓清溪沟通了南北两大水池，使南北两个格调鲜明的空间有聚有分，相互联系。
下面让我们去参观一下北石山。北石山坐落在北部空间的西面和北端。西为土山，北为石山。两面环山，东抱曲廊，夹水池于山前。山中还有著名的普静泉，水面清澈澄静，宛若明镜。在水池的北部，有一座紧贴水面的石平桥，沟通了东西游览路线。石山体积虽大而中空，山中有瞻石、伏虎、三猿等洞壑。游客们：北石山顶是全园的制高点，有兴趣的朋友还可登高一望，体会风光旖旎的山前景色，让瞻园全景尽收眼底。
各位游客：瞻园的自然景观部分就欣赏到此。东部还有太平天国历史博物馆，里面陈列了许多珍贵的太平天国革命史料和实物，请大家自由参观。
六朝古都南京有许多名胜古迹和人文景点，我最喜爱有着“金陵第一园”美誉的瞻园。南京瞻园和苏州拙政园、留园等被称为“江南四大名园”。
每年夏天，南京骄阳似火，妈妈必带我来瞻园。一入朱门黛瓦的园门，参天大树林立，顿时感到世界都静了下来，瞬间感受到一身清凉，这个600多年历史的古园林就是有着这样让人心旷神怡的魅力。不大的园林布局独具匠心，不仅有古十八景，还有新十八景。每个景点都美不胜收，“颜值”极高哦!
如果您喜欢江南园林，那一定要去瞻园;如果您喜欢人文典故，一定要去瞻园;如果您喜欢古建筑群，一定要去瞻园;如果您喜欢水景锦鲤，一定要去瞻园;如果您喜欢古花异草，一定要去瞻园;如果您喜欢壮观奇石，那更要去瞻园……每年去瞻园，都会有新的感悟和惊喜。
今年夏天，我又来到瞻园游玩。瞻园内全国唯一的太平天国历史博物馆经过修整，藏品和介绍更加丰富;湖面上睡莲绽放，成群的锦鲤自由嬉戏，等着游人在观鱼亭中给它们喂食;为了迎接乾隆皇帝而建造的精致木画舫依然静静地立于水中，听着人们对它的赞叹;如果雨天雪天来瞻园也没关系，因为巧妙的长廊设计，不仅为花园增色，还贯穿园内景点，为游人遮阳避雨……
历史上瞻园曾是明朝中山王徐达的王府，听工作人员介绍说，现在的瞻园远没有古代那么大，只是当时王府西侧的一角而已。600年来，经过种.种原因，损毁很多，现在我们看到的这个精致美丽的瞻园是南京市政府后来组织园林专家翻新修建的。真是感谢他们，否则，这么美这么有意义的古园林我们就看不到了，那该多么遗憾啊!
今后，我要呼吁更多的人爱惜和保护古迹美景，让它们一直流传下去，永远成为南京城一道亮丽的风景线。
瞻园是南京历史最悠久的一座园林，几经有600多年了.瞻园是明朝初，开国皇帝朱元璋送给功臣中山王徐达的花园楼房.这"瞻园"两字还是后来清朝乾隆皇帝下江南时亲笔所提的呢!
走进雅致的瞻园，透过镂空的窗户便隐约可以看见一座奇秀的"仙人峰".石头的高度有3米多，有瘦，皱，透，镂，秀五个特点.瞻园的主题建筑是静庙堂.在静庙堂的南北都有水池，水池里有奇形怪状的石头假山;在静庙堂的西面有一座土山，土山上面有两座亭子，一座叫方亭，一座叫扇面亭，两座亭子相隔大约几十米.听说夏天非常凉快，冬天非常暖和;在静庙堂的东面是曲曲折折的廊亭，廊亭的中间是一座小亭子，一头是水池，另外一头是两株100年的古藤，我还用手轻轻地摸了摸古藤呢!
瞻园里还有一样宝贝--虎字碑.被称为"百年古碑，天下第一"，字里含有富甲天下四个字和一只老虎的样子，好有意思呀!现在为了保护这块碑，就用玻璃把它框了起来.
瞻园同时还是太平天国历史博物馆呢!里面陈列的文物有上帝玉玺，天王龙袍，金冠，大旗，宝剑等等1600多件，其中有42件是国家一级文物.
在瞻园里可以慢慢欣赏亭前假山，聆听山上泻下来的三叠瀑布的声响，走在廊亭的石头路上，看看池水中嬉戏的鱼儿，顿时感觉心旷神怡.
在这一令人流连忘返的美景里，我同时也学到了许多知识，真是一举两得啊!
Zhanyuan is the only group of well preserved classical garden buildings ofMing Dynasty in Nanjing. It has a long history, rich culture and pleasantscenery. Together with Jichang Garden in Wuxi, Zhuozheng garden in Suzhou andLiuyuan garden, Zhanyuan is known as "four famous gardens in the south of theYangtze River". As a member of the Little Bookworm Club of the school, I amlooking forward to visiting Zhanyuan like you. The opportunity has come, and anexciting news has spread among our members. This week, the Five Little Bookwormclub will arrange a tour to Zhanyuan. All members are looking forward to thatmoment On Friday, our members came to Zhanyuan with teachers Zhu and Shi.Entering the gate, the students can't wait to take out all kinds of tools,cameras, pens, paper and so on, and carefully make all kinds of records.
Zhanyuan is over 600 years old. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhangbuilt the garden for Xu Da, the king of Zhongshan, because he thought Xu Da hadno peaceful residence. When Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty visited the south,he wrote the word "Zhanyuan". After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established itscapital in Nanjing in 1853, it was the Royal Garden of Yang Xiuqing and LaiHanying. Zhanyuan is divided into two parts: East and West. The gate is in theEast. There is a screen wall opposite the gate. In front of the screen wall is arelief of the Taiping rebellion. There is a large plaque on the gate, whichreads "the first garden of Jinling", and the character is inscribed by ZhaoPuchu. In the middle of the entrance is a bronze bust of Hong Xiuquan. There isa plaque inscribed by Guo Moruo on the hall of Erjin, which mainly displayscultural relics such as the jade ridge of the heavenly Father, the robe of theheavenly king, the golden crown of the loyal king, the big flag, the sword andthe stone trough. The museum has collected more than 1600 pieces of TaipingHeavenly Kingdom cultural relics, of which 42 are national first-class culturalrelics. The west part is the happiest place for our students. It is a typicalJiangnan garden. The ancient buildings in the garden include a pavilion, aflower basket hall, a Zhishuang Pavilion, a Yingcui Pavilion and a windingcorridor. These buildings and corridors divide the whole Zhanyuan into fivesmall courtyards and a main garden. Jingmiao hall is located in the middle ofthe main garden. It is surrounded by water on three sides and land on one side.There are rockeries in the north and south of the hall. The water isinterlinked, and there is a pavilion named Sui Han on the rockery in the West.The garden is small and characteristic. It is one of the famous gardens in thesouth of the Yangtze River. When our club students came here, they couldn't waitto play together, playing happy games, playing hide and seek around the rockery,and really experienced a "tour". Today's Zhanyuan garden is characterized bytowering peaks and rocks, beautiful ponds and marshes, deep courtyard corridors,winding paths, pavilions and pavilions, ancient trees and famous flowers, jadeand fragrance, and inscribed couplets with fragrance. Fully inclusive andequitable, the gardens of the South and the northern part of the city are alsovery artistic. All the way to enjoy, explore, learn, play, debate, so that allpeople forget the passage of time, in the door, I realized the real meaning of"lingering".
Ladies and gentlemen: now we come to the Bank of the Qinhuai River. Thepainted defenses in the river are all made in the style of Ming Dynastyarchitecture, with big red balls and red lanterns hanging on the bow. Wheneverthe Lantern Festival, Nanjing people used to come here to enjoy the lights. Itis said that after the establishment of the capital of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanjinpaid a visit to the capital. When he came to the Bank of the Qinhuai River, hesaw trees on both sides of the river, clear water, pavilions and pleasantscenery. He said casually, "I'm sorry for the lack of boats in the river." Whenthe emperor opened the golden gate, he sent people all night to build the boatin order to win the favor of the emperor. Since then, Qinhuai painting hasbecome a major feature here. Especially in the Mid Autumn Festival, tens ofthousands of lanterns are in full bloom on the river, and dragon lanterns aredancing on both sides of the river. Songs, drums, cheers and laughter arecontinuous all night. It can be said that "Qinhuai is the best in the world". Nowonder there is a folk saying in Nanjing that "every family walks on the bridge,everyone looks at the light".
This section of Qinhuai River in front of us has become a Confucius Temple(Confucius Temple) and panchi since the Song Dynasty, also known as crescentmoon. In ancient times, the Imperial Academy was called Biyong, and the princes'Academy was called Pangong. The Confucius Temple Academy was equivalent to theplace where the princes gave lectures, so this pool was called "panchi".Generally, there are three stone bridges built on panchi. According to thegrade, county officials and students take the middle one, and scholars take thebridges on both sides. It is said that in ancient times, a scholar mistakenlywent to Zhongqiao. He was in a dilemma and had to jump into panchi byhimself.
Please look at a section of vermilion stone brick wall on the other side ofthe river. This is the screen wall of Confucius Temple. Zhaobi was built in thethird year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (Li Ze Nian), 110 meters long, which isthe highest Zhaobi in the whole family. Ladies and gentlemen, this ConfuciusTemple was built in 337, the third year of emperor chengdi of the Eastern JinDynasty. At that time, Emperor chengdi adopted the advice of Wang Dao: "thecultivation of talents is the most important thing in governing the country",and decided to establish the University on the Bank of Qinhuai river. In thefirst year of Jingpai (1034), the Confucius Temple was built on the basis ofXuefu. Therefore, Confucius Temple is a bustling city evolved from a culturaland educational center. It includes three main buildings: Confucius Temple,Academy and Gongyuan. Its scope is adjacent to the North Bank of Qinhuai Riverin the south, the east end of Jiankang road in the north, Yaojia Lane in theEast and Sifu Lane in the West. Although the Confucius Temple was destroyed manytimes, it was built and expanded in different dynasties. By the end of the QingDynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the structure and layout ofits pavilions and temples were the best in the southeast. The present ConfuciusTemple is partly rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty and partly rebuilt in recentyears. Please look back. This pavilion style building is called KuixingPavilion. It was first built in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. The waterfrontbuilding was destroyed twice and rebuilt in 1985.
Now we come to the square in front of the temple, which was opened in theQing Dynasty. There are two steles standing at the East and West ends of thesquare, about one foot high. On the stele, there are two words in Manchu andChinese: "Minister of culture and military dismounts here" to show respect forthe sage Confucius. The pavilion with six corners and double eaves on the leftis called "star gathering Pavilion", which means that all the stars areconcentrated and talents are gathered. It was built in the 14th year of Wanli inthe Ming Dynasty (1586), but it was not rebuilt until the 8th year of Tongzhi inthe Qing Dynasty (1869). This is the only Qing Dynasty building that survivedthe Japanese artillery fire. Unfortunately, it was demolished as "four old" in1968 and rebuilt in 1983, restoring its original style. The memorial archway inthe middle of the square is called "Tianxia Wenshu archway". Please continue tofollow me. This gate is called Lingxing gate, which is the gate of ConfuciusTemple. It is said that TA Xing is the star in charge of education in the sky.He is convenient and happy. The gate is a stone structure with six columns andthree gates. It was built in 1480, the 16th year of Chenghua in the MingDynasty. It was later destroyed and rebuilt in 1870. However, the polar gate wesee now was rebuilt in 1983. The East and west sides of the gate are the Eastand West markets.
Zhanyuan garden is one of the famous gardens in the south of the YangtzeRiver. Zhanyuan faces south, 127 meters deep and 123 meters wide from east towest. The total area of Zhanyuan is 25100 square meters, including 9600 squaremeters of building area and 15500 square meters of landscaping area. There are810 trees and shrubs in the garden, and the bamboo area is 400 squaremeters.
Mountain, water and stone are the main scenery of Zhanyuan. In the EastZhanyuan, there are Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum exhibition area,water courtyard, lawn area and ancient building area. In the West Zhanyuan,there are west rockery, South rockery, North rockery and jingmiaotang.
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum is located in the East andnortheast of Zhanyuan. It was originally the building of Jiangnan province andJiangning political envoy office. It is composed of Zhaobi and Wujin hall.
The gate is in the east half. There is a screen wall opposite the gate. Infront of the screen wall is a relief of the Taiping rebellion. There is a largeplaque on the gate, which reads "the first garden of Jinling", and the characteris inscribed by Zhao Puchu.
Jingmiao Hall of xizhanyuan is located in the southwest of xizhanyuan,facing south rockery, West rockery and North rockery. It is the main building ofxizhanyuan.
South rockery is located in front of jingmiaotang, covering an area of 900square meters. It is made of more than 1000 tons of Taihu stone. The cliff oflinchi is 7 meters high, and the main peak is 9 meters high. It is composed ofcliffs, caves, stalactites, pedals, Shiji, waterfalls and stepping stones.
North rockery is located in the north of xizhanyuan, with an area of 1100square meters.
West rockery is located in the west of Zhanyuan, covering an area of 1050square meters. From the North rockery by 8.87 meters long Sanqu bridge landing,that is, the West rockery.
Dongzhanyuan water garden is located in the east of beichi. It is connectedwith the corridor of xizhanyuan in the West and the exhibition area in the East,covering an area of 800 square meters.
Dongzhanyuan lawn area is located in the middle of dongzhanyuan, withexhibition area in the East, Shuiyuan area in the north, xizhanyuan area in theWest and ancient building area in the south, covering an area of 1026 squaremeters.
Dongzhanyuan ancient building area is located in the southeast ofdongzhanyuan, covering an area of 797.5 square meters.
Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, has many places ofinterest and cultural attractions. My favorite is Zhanyuan, which has thereputation of "the first garden of Jinling". Zhanyuan garden in Nanjing,Zhuozheng garden and Liuyuan garden in Suzhou are known as "four famous gardensin the south of the Yangtze River".
Every summer, Nanjing scorching sun, my mother will bring me to Zhanyuan.As soon as you enter the gate of Zhumen Daiwa garden, there are towering trees.You suddenly feel that the world is quiet and cool. This 600 year old ancientgarden has such a refreshing charm. The layout of the small garden showsoriginality. There are not only 18 ancient landscapes, but also 18 new ones.Every scenic spot is so beautiful that its "beauty value" is very high!
If you like Jiangnan gardens, you must go to Zhanyuan; if you like culturalallusions, you must go to Zhanyuan; if you like ancient buildings, you must goto Zhanyuan; if you like water scenery Koi, you must go to Zhanyuan; if you likeancient flowers and grasses, you must go to Zhanyuan; if you like spectacularstones, you must go to Zhanyuan Every year when you go to Zhanyuan, you willhave new insights and surprises.
This summer, I came to Zhanyuan again. In Zhanyuan, the only TaipingHeavenly Kingdom History Museum in China has been renovated, with morecollections and introductions. On the lake, water lilies are blooming, andgroups of Koi are playing freely, waiting for visitors to feed them in the fishviewing Pavilion. The exquisite wooden boat built to meet Emperor Qianlong isstill standing in the water, listening to people's praise for it; It doesn'tmatter if you come to the garden in rainy and snowy days, because the ingeniouscorridor design not only adds color to the garden, but also runs through thescenic spots in the garden to provide shade and shelter for visitors
In history, Zhanyuan used to be the palace of Xu Da, the Ming Dynasty'sZhongshan king. According to the staff, Zhanyuan is not as big as it was inancient times, but just a corner of the west side of the palace at that time.Over the past 600 years, a lot of buildings have been damaged for variousreasons. Now we see this exquisite and beautiful Zhanyuan garden, which wasrenovated and built by landscape experts organized by Nanjing municipalgovernment. I really appreciate them. Otherwise, we will not see such abeautiful and meaningful ancient garden. What a pity!
In the future, I would like to appeal to more people to cherish and protectthe historical sites and beautiful scenery, so that they can be handed down andbecome a beautiful scenic line of Nanjing forever.
Zhanyuan is the oldest garden in Nanjing. It has been more than 600 years.Zhanyuan is a garden building given by the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang to themeritorious Minister Xu Da in the early Ming Dynasty!
When you enter the elegant Zhanyuan garden, you can see a wonderful"immortal peak" through the hollowed out window. The height of the stone is morethan 3 meters, which has five characteristics: thin, wrinkled, transparent,hollowed out and beautiful. The theme building of Zhanyuan garden isjingmiaotang. There are pools in the North and south of jingmiaotang, in whichthere are grotesque stone rockeries; In the west of jingmiaotang, there is aearth mountain. On the earth mountain, there are two pavilions. One is calledfangting, and the other is called fanmianting. The two pavilions are about tensof meters apart; In the east of jingmiaotang is a zigzag Pavilion. In the middleof the pavilion is a small pavilion. One end is a pool, and the other end is two100 year old vines. I also touched the vines with my hand!
There is another treasure in Zhanyuan -- the stele with the word "tiger".It is known as "the most famous stele in the world". It contains the four words"Fu Jia Tian" and the appearance of a tiger. It's so interesting! Now in orderto protect this stele, it's framed with glass
Zhanyuan is also the History Museum of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Thereare more than 1600 cultural relics on display, including the jade seal of God,the Dragon Robe of the heavenly king, the golden crown, the flag, the sword andso on. Among them, 42 are national first-class cultural relics
In the Zhanyuan garden, you can enjoy the rockery in front of the pavilion,listen to the sound of three cascades of waterfalls falling down from themountain, walk on the stone road of the Gallery Pavilion, and see the fishplaying in the pool. You feel relaxed and happy
In this unforgettable scenery, I also learned a lot of knowledge. It'skilling two birds with one stone!
