Chinese food is divided into four big cuisines sichuan, guangdong, shandong, jiangsu, and dozens of branch of major cuisine, there are thousands of different flavors, each branch work different famous manufacturer, food culture is means all the world, impressive.
Beijing capital, brought together the national cuisine, is to eat what you crave. Not only that, in recent years in Beijing's western cuisine also in Kyoto, French food, Russian western food, Italian food, American fast food, has become Beijing on-off taste delicious. Since long, however, came to Beijing, you have to taste the first genuine Beijing cuisine. Kyoto today, it is the delicacy of the foreign administrative, even all over the country, people can enjoy almost any kind of cuisines of China all over the world the best flavor, so, for the guests to Beijing today, seize the opportunity, and are indeed very lucky.
Beijing roast duck is regarded as "world a delicious", also is the representative work of Beijing flavor. One of the best places to eat roast duck, when Beijing front door, the peace arch, wangfujing quanjude roast duck restaurant. The shop was founded 130 years ago, if from the ancestor of roast duck restaurant Yang Ren operating ducks, that is going to push for 30 years.
Palace cuisine is one of the pillars of the Beijing cuisine, reflect the historical characteristics of Beijing 800 for all, a real blue blood. Today, imperial dishes into folk already, although strictly keeping his aristocratic demeanor. Because of Beijing winter cold, hot pot is from Beijing's pet on the table. Flavor snack is a feature in Beijing, as a result of destinations ethnic characteristics snacks, breed is very rich.
The street there are many snack bar, night market and the free market also have snacks stalls, in the Spring Festival, temple fair, flowers at the meeting - always the most attractive places. At present, can eat snacks in Beijing have a cake, soy milk, rice cakes, Fried cake, soybean curd, tea soup, roast sweet potato, wonton, baked wheat cake, etc.
Beijing is the birthplace of Chinese Civilization and one of the six ancient capital cities in China. During the last 3000 years it served as a capital for several dynasties. It is the second largest city in China with a population of more than 11 million. Beijing is neither cold in winter nor very hot in summer. The best seasons in Beijing are Spring and Autumn. Beijing is indeed an ideal place to visit all round the year.
Temple of Heaven in the southern part of Beijing is China`s largest existing complex of ancient sacrificial buildings. Occupying an area of 273 hectares, it is three times the area of the Forbidden City. It was built in 1420 for emperors to worship Heaven. The principle buildings include the Altar of Prayer for Good Harvests, Imperial Vault of Heaven and Circular Mound Altar.
Forbidden City, so called because it was off limits to commoners for 500 years, is the largest and best-preserved cluster of ancient buildings in China. It was home to two dynasties of emperors -the Ming and the Qing - who didnt stray from this pleasure dome unless they absolutely had to.
Great Wall of China, Also know n to the Chinese as the 10,000 Li Wall, the Great Wall of China stretches from Shanhaiguan Pass on the east coast to Jiayuguan Pass in the Gobi Desert. Standard histories emphasize the unity of the wall.
he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.
Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent
Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, ver, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.
The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.
There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.
The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).
The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.
The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.
The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.
The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.
The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.
On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.
Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.
Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.
Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.
Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at r the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.
Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.
The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.
Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of r he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.
Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.
Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.
Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.
The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.
Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.
Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.
Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.
Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.
According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.
The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.
The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.
The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.
In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.
Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.
Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.
Beijing botanical garden is a collection of science, scientific research,travel and other functions in one comprehensive botanical garden, nationalemphasis construction is one of the botanical garden.
The Beijing Botanic Garden in Haidian District Fragrant Hill Park and theYuquan mountains (West hills near Wat Chayamangkalaram), approved by the StateCouncil in 1956, is a collection of scientific research, plant plant knowledgepopularization, visit the rest, germplasm preservation and promotion, new plantsand other functions as one of the large-scale comprehensive botanical planning area of 400 hectares, is now completed and open for tours by theplant area of 200 hectares, exhibition areas, places of historic interest andscenic beauty, research areas and nature reserves. The introduction andcultivation of plants more than 10000 species (including varieties ) in 1500000strains of. Covers an area of 900 acres. Collection of plants more than 3000species, is currently China's largest botanical garden in North, is specializedin plant introduction and acclimatization of theoretical study and experimentalresearch base. The whole garden plant exhibition greenhouse as the center, atotal of 13 galleries, planted with more than 1500 kinds of tropical andsubtropical plants, including stone flower, a tree, dance orchid plant.
Beijing botanical garden by plant exhibition area, places of historicinterest and scenic beauty cultural landscape, natural protection area and areaof scientific research.
Plant exhibition area including ornamental plants area ( Park ), arboretum,bonsai garden, greenhouse flower district. Ornamental plants area from peonygarden, rose garden, green peach, lilac Institute, Begonia Park, bonsai garden,lily magnolia garden, a garden show ( bamboo ), perennial flowers, peony gardenand park is being developed in the garden, the park consists of 11; by pine andcypress, ginkgo trees Garden District Maple rose area, linden willow, MagnoliaBerberis zone and sycamore, ash area consists of Quercus acutissima area ofpaulownia. Places of historic interest and scenic beauty resort by WatChayamangkalaram, Cherry Valley, the Longjiao temple ruins, " December 9th "memorial Pavilion, the tomb of Liang Qichao village, Cao Xueqin Memorial introduction and cultivation of plants more than 56 lines, more than 5000,900000 square metre grassed. There are scientific research building, sciencemuseum. Wat Chayamangkalaram was built in the Tang Dynasty, is a nationalheritage conservation units, protecting and displaying the world rare YuanDynasty bronze Shakya Muni lying like Cherry Valley, dense forest, is in theplanning of nature reserve. Cao Xueqin Memorial Exhibition of Cao Xueqin's lifeand in the Western Hills. " A dream of Red Mansions " scene.
Beijing botanical garden is the Beijing Municipal Gardens Bureau designatedpriority of the new plant introduction, domestication, breeding base. TheBeijing botanical garden has begun to take shape, are playing a more and moreimportant social benefit and environmental benefit, more and more people'sfavorite.
20___ January Beijing botanical garden was named the first national AAAAgrade scenic spot, in 20___ March through the ISO9000 quality management systemand ISO14000 environmental management system certification and certified thefirst batch of fine park, 20___ in the capital of civilization industry madeoutstanding achievements appraisal. The garden is beautiful environment, goodorder, quality services and excellent culture to meet guests at home andabroad.
Beijing Botanical Garden ( referred to as South Park) with various plant3000 a variety of, visit the main point is the greenhouse exhibition area, thereare 13 pavilions, 1500 kinds of plants. The tropical plants accounted for 1000 avariety of, palm plants, tropical aquatic plants, succulents, Victoria roomroom, medicinal plant room, industrial raw materials plant, orchid plants,aromatic plants, tropical fruit and citrus plants. The arboretum occupies anarea of 70000 square meters, is China's rare silver fir trees, and SequoiaAmerica, Sri Lanka's Bodhi tree. There is also a special type of garden and thenational herbarium.
Beijing botanical garden exhibition greenhouse built in March 28, 1998January 1, 20___, began to receive visitors, the exhibition greenhouseconstruction area of 9800 square meters, covers an area of 5.5 hectares, is thelargest in Asia, the world 's largest single greenhouse area of exhibitiongreenhouse of Kunming World Expo, the area ratio of the greenhouse is twice asbig as the Chinese history of architecture, the big.
Greenhouse into tropical rainforest room, desert plant room, orchid,pineapple and carnivorous plant rooms and four seasons garden show, tropical,subtropical plants more than 3100 species, show perspective, strangulation,root, old cauliflorous, strange phenomenon. Exhibition greenhouse for plantscience education base, and protection of plant resources and scientificresearch are the main places. As the city of Beijing internationalization citylandmark works, the exhibition hall of the greenhouse is increasingly playing agreat social benefits.
The exhibition greenhouse of Beijing botanical garden is the 50 anniversaryof the founding of Beijing city to meet key project, botanical garden is locatedin the road on the west side, the building area of 17000 square meters, coversan area of 5.5 hectares, 260000000 yuan investment. Exhibition greenhousebuilding designed by the Beijing Architectural Design Research Institute isassumed, with " leaves to the root. " concept for the design theme, have greatoriginality to design the " roots " interwoven inclined glass ceiling, like aleaf falls in the foot of the West hills. Exhibition exhibition design byBeijing plant landscape design and Research Institute of ancient bition greenhouse underground foundation in 1998 3 at the end of the monthto start construction, the main steel structure and glass curtain wall will bein 1999 May completed, on 1 January 20___ open to the outside world. Exhibitiongreenhouse is divided into four main sections: the tropical rain forest, desertplant zone, four seasons garden and special plant room. Display plants 3100species more than 60000 lines, for the masses to provide rich and colorfulornamental plant landscape, learning scientific knowledge, have a higher gradeof tourist attractions. At the same time, it is the horticultural research andinternational exchanges. Exhibition greenhouse project won the Tenth NationalExcellent Project Design Gold Award, 20___ annual national high quality projectsilver medal, Beijing City tenth first prize of excellent design, " large-scaleexhibition greenhouse plant introduction and design of the scientific andtechnological progress in Beijing city " project won the two prize, was namedBeijing City ninety in the ten building.
Old Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing City,Eastern Haidian District. The original Qing Dynasty a large Royal River, coversan area of about 5200 acres, the layout is inverted triangle, a total area of350 hectares. Old Summer Palace " garden of gardens " good name, it was built inthe Qing emperor Qian Long years, the original pavilions, terraces and openhalls at more than 140, a total area of 3500000 square meters. It's land areaand the construction of the Imperial Palace, water area and is a the SummerPalace.
The history of Old Summer Palace, is composed of Old Summer Palace,Changchun Garden, Yee Spring Garden ( Wanchun Garden ). Three Park tightlyadjoin, commonly known as the old summer palace. A total area of 5200 acres (350 hectares ), the entire range of larger than the the Summer Palace nearlyqianmu. It is feudal emperors in Qing Dynasty more than 150 years, by creatingand operating a large Royal palace. Yong Zheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing EmperorDaoguang, Xianfeng, five, had been living in the Old Summer Palace leisurelyenjoyment, and in this holding assembly, and politics, it is similar to theForbidden City ( the Imperial Palace) as the political center of the country,was clear Dili special called " Royal park ".
Old Summer Palace was originally granted to his four son of emperor KangxiYin Zhen (later emperor Yong Zheng the garden ). Kangxi in forty-six years thatthe year 1707, park has begun to take shape. In November the same year, EmperorKangxi had at the Old Summer Palace tours. The emperor Yong Zheng ascended thethrone in 1723, expanding the original Grant Park, and in the South Parkbuilding be open and aboveboard Temple main hall and the cabinet, and in six,the value of real military department, to avoid the " Royal master ". In the 60year of the reign of emperor Qian Long, one day, old summer palace construction,repair, dredges the water shift stone, silver million fee. In addition to hisold summer palace built on local, alterations, and the East New Changchun Park,in the southeast of adjacent incorporated Qi spring garden. In the thirty-fiveyears to 1770 three, the Yuan Ming garden pattern is formed basically. Dynasty,mainly on Qi spring garden was renovated and the extension of the building,which became the main garden occupies the place of one. Daoguang Dynasty, statedeclines, shortage of financial resources, but rather from Chaenomeles,Xiangshan, Yuquan " hills", furnishings, Jehol and Magnolia summer hunting,still did not give up the three Park renovation and decoration.
Old Summer Palace, garden not only known, but also a collection of theRoyal Museum, very rich, is a cultural treasure house. Hugo once said: "even ifthe ( French ) all Notre Dame all the treasures together, the same can not belarge and magnificent Huang Museum comparable to the east. " The luxuriousfurnishings exquisite, has a large collection of art treasures. According to theOld Summer Palace seen Westerners description, " Park splendid brilliant scene,not to can trace the color so called, nor the Europeans can see ". " All kindsof valuable treasures, are accumulated in the Royal Cottage Hotel, numeroushouseholds. " The finest sandalwood carved furniture, exquisite ancientporcelain and enamel bottle lamp broken lines, Zhijin silver brocade fabric,carpet, leather, gilded gold French clock, exquisite Old Summer Palace layout,gem embedded hunting figure, landscape character true to life likeness of theplaque, and their various other artistic products and a variety of Europeanlustrous and dazzling. Ornaments, have everything that one expects to find.
Old Summer Palace is the artificial creation of a grand scale, thebeautiful scenery of the landscape. Flat mountain and water purification,landscape architecture, plant more trees and flowers. In the discontinuoushills, winding surface and pavilions, winding corridor, island, bridgeembankment, the vast space into a size of more than 100 landscape encircle,interest varied scenery group. The water park is about three 4/10 of the totalarea of the park, on the ground in artificial cut the medium small surface, bycircle rayon flow channel is connected in series with a complete water system ofrivers and lakes. Park and decorated with stacked has greatly small hill 250,and drainage combined with mountains, water, hill because of live water, formedthe mountain complex water transfer, layer upon layer of garden space. Theentire landscape as Jiangnan like smoke blurred, true it may be said: Althoughpeople do, since the days of the wan.
Old Summer Palace embodies the ancient Chinese gardening art essence, wasthe most splendid large-scale landscape. The emperor Qian Long said: " it is YaoBao Kobold region, Emperor Yu tour, no more than this ". And gardens in theworld history of architecture also occupies an important position. Itspopularity to Europe, known as the " garden of gardens ". The famous Frenchwriter Hugo in 1861 had this to say: " you just imagine it is a thrillinglonging, as the Moon Castle like building, Summer Palace ( the Old Summer Palace) is a building. " People often say : the Greek Parthenon temple in Egypt,Pyramid, Rome Coliseum, Oriental palace. "It is a matter of the incomparablemasterpiece as the acme of perfection ".
Old Summer Palace the world garden, to ten years Xianfeng, in 1860 October,by British and French troops barbarian raid burned down, become China's modernhistory of humiliation history page.
Now the Old Summer Palace Ruins Park, the site for the theme, forming asolid history and full of vibrant garden atmosphere a unique combination oftourism landscape, not only has the important political and historical value, itis a unique tourist destination. The tragedy of Old Summer Palace was destroyed,was the symbol of national humiliation, the rebirth of the Old Summer Palace,has become and will continue to make efforts to become the Chinese nation, thetestimony of increasingly thriving and prosperous. With the introduction ofspecial planning, 20___ basically completed the Old Summer Palace Ruins Parkgoal has been clearly shown in front of us.
We firmly believe that a green Old Summer Palace will become a bright pearlof green Olympic Games; a basic integrity of the Old Summer Palace will become abright spot of humanistic olympics.
Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:
My name is ___. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all of youcould like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. This morning weare going to visit the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located on thenorthwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of thecity. So it will take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at theSummer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of thewoderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and thelargest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preservedimperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed on the List of WorldCultural Heritage by the UNESCO.
The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of12th century in the Jin Dynasty. The construction continued to the Yuan and Mingdynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached itsculmination. During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and FiveGardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was apart of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860, theAnglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’were burnt down to ashes.
In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden ofClear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer Palace).
In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The SummerPalace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again in 1902.
In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that,the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.
Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the firstscenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese words on the front side of thearchway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. Thetwo words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to thetranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.
(outside the East Palace Gate)
Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance of theSummer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinesecharacters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s handwriting. The gate thatwe are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the olddays.
(Inside the East Palace Gate)
Now we are inside the Summer Palace. In front of us is the second gate ofthe Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. The annex halls onboth sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy , Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you thelayout of the Summer Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, mayI have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can seethe Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies thethree-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was forpolitical activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeingareas. Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and endoff the Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of theSummer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness andLongevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so on. It willtake us about two hours to visit the Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’twalk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lostor separated from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.
Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hallof Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.
(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)
Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have alreadyentered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The huge rock infront of us is Taihu Rock. It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,so it was known as Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can seethere are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard,representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu Rocks are usually used asdecoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak andpenetration in characters.
The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or somepeople call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon hadnine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. Suanni was one of the ninesons of the dragon. It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits inancient lengeds. Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hoovesof ox and the tail of lion.
(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)
This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was firstbuilt in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ byConfucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.”This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi heldaudience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. Forprotecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I wouldlike to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence andLongevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. In the middle ofthe hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. Thereare two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacockfeathers. Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame andglass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word‘Longevity’ written in different styles. There are two scrolls on each side ofthe wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was saidthat the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 batspainted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.
Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of adragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to burn incense sticksto create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old days, the dragon and phoenixwere the symbol of the emperor and empress. According to ritual, the dragonsshould be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front ofthe ver, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes arein the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when EmpressDowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.
(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)
We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlongand Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera performances. Itmainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hallof Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle ofBeijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.
(In front of the Grand Theater Building)
This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater buildings ofthe Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest one. Theother two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion inthe Mountain Resort in Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storiedstructure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. Thetop one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and thebottom stage was named longevity stage. Each level has the entrance and theexit. There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestialbeing’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to setoff a certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds builtunder the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage is open to threesides.
Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the GrandTheater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress Dowager Cixi usedbo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking Opera.
(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of JadeRipples)
We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall ofBenevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special ver, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake. This is anapplication of a specific style of Chinese
gardening.
Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over there,not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the Spring HeraldingIslet. The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding Pavilion. Anumber of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. In earlyspring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms,willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has e the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.
(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)
This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of JadeRipples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing outof Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. It was firstused by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty,it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest.
This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu wasEmperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Ciximade her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order tocontinue her hold on imperial power. She ‘handled state affairs behind thescreen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the coreprinciples of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws. The movementlasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. It wascalled the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu wasput under house arrest here. For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixiordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and leftof the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, justlike a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room stillmaintain its original appearance. It is open to visitors as the relic related tothe 1898 Reform Movement.
(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)
This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi YunGuang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it was usually usedas termite repellent in rooms where books were the Emperor Qianlong’sreign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. Later it was convertedinto a residence. There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu,and his favorite concubine Zhenfei.
(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)
This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was themajor architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence ofEmpress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically made of wood, which isideal for ventilation and lighting. With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hallof Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient. In front of theHall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle ofthis courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock” huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official MiWanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the olddays, transporting such rock was very difficult. After spending all his money toship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. The big rock was then left onthe roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest ofBeijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlongdiscovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in frontof the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanginginside the hall was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliestelectric lights in China.
(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)
Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in theworld, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Britain. Now I willshow you a special gallery in the palace—the Long Corridor. In 1990, the LongCorridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longestpainted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the SummerPalace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go,the Long Corridor first!
(Strolling along the Long Corridor)
The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the ShizhangGate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. The Long corridor isone of the major structures of the Summer Palace. Since the corridor wasdesigned to follow the physical features of the southern slope of LongevityHill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the GoodnessPavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and FarPavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of ayear. Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. As amajor part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridorserves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Hill. Scatteredbuildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.
The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese garden. Onthe purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou stylepaintings. Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes ofWest Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Beside the colorful paintings ofnatural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects,mythology and figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancientChinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream ofthe Red Mansion’.
(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)
Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakesideslope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. Thecentral axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom ontop of the Hill. The main architectural structures here are the Gate ofDispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and theSea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. Thelayout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhistsutras. This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructedhere in the Summer Palace. This is a good place to taking photos, we will stayhere for about 15 minutes.
Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene weare going to visit is Marble Boat.
Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening toOrioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and courtmusic. It is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. Before the Garden ofVirtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperialdishes and desserts.
This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s Eastern HanDynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” Aprime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade LiShimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He said people are water and theemperor is the boat. People can support a good emperor. However, they also canoverthrow the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden inorder to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouragedhimself to run the country well. On the other hand, he wanted to show that hisrule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear ofoverturning the boat. The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong tosample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once camehere to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of Qianlong, theMarble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style woodensuperstructure on the top of it. When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, aforeign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to theboat, one on each side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of thewindows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed onthe superstructure for viewing rain.
Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat. Today weonly visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I have left otherspots of interest for your next visit. I will now show you out through the RuyiGate. Our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyedtoday’s tour. Thank you.
欢迎大家来到这里，下面我来为大家介绍一下!
来北京观光旅游不能错过具有北京特色的风味小吃和悠久历史的名吃。名吃有北京烤鸭、涮羊肉、宫廷菜。
北京，中华人民共和国首都、中央直辖市、中国国家中心城市，中国政治、文化、教育和国际交流中心，同时是中国经济金融的决策中心和管理中心。北京位于华北平原北端，东南与天津相连，其余为河北省所环绕。北京有着3000余年的建城史和850余年的建都史，是“中国四大古都”之一，具有一定的国际影响力，其最早见于文献的名称为“蓟”。
北京荟萃了自元明清以来的中华文化，拥有众多名胜古迹和人文景观，是全球拥有世界文化遗产最多的城市。北京也为华北地区降雨最多的地区之一。历史悠久的国际高等大学北京大学、清华大学也坐落于北京。
天坛位于北京市崇文区在永定门内大街路东。原是明清两代皇帝祭祀皇天上帝的场所，始建于明永乐十八年 (1420 年 ), 以后经过不断的改扩建，至清乾隆年间最终建成。天坛占地达 273 万平方米主要建筑有祈年殿、圜丘、 皇穹宇、斋宫、神乐署、牺牲所等。1918 年辟为公园。
天坛东西长1700米，南北宽1600米，总面积为273万平方米。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为弧圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，通称“天地墙”，象征古代“天圆地方”之说。外坛墙东、南、北三面均没有门，只有西边修两座大门——圜丘坛门和祈谷坛门(也称天坛门)。而内坛墙四周则有东、南、西、北四座天门。内坛建有祭坛和斋宫，并有一道东西横墙，南为圜丘坛，北为祈谷坛。
天坛中的祈年殿是一座宏伟而又极具民族风格的独特建筑，鎏金宝顶三层出檐的圆形攒尖式屋顶，覆盖着象徵“天”的蓝色琉璃瓦，层层向上收缩。檐下的木结构用和玺彩绘，坐落在汉白玉石基座上，远远望去，色彩对比强烈而和谐，上下形状统一而富于变化。
神乐署、斋宫都是祭坛的附属建筑，是祭祀大典的服务用房 , 故斋宫、神乐署都是坐西向东，其建筑规格、瓦色、装饰彩画均逊于天坛的祭祀建筑，强烈地表达了中国古代的 " 敬天 " 思想。天坛有 3500 余株古松柏、古槐 , 树龄逾数百年。坛庙在中国古代被誉为国家的 " 万世不移 " 之基故中国古代对坛庙植树极为重视明永乐年间初建北京天地坛时即 " 树以松柏 " 取 " 尊而识之 " 的寓意以后历朝陆续补植 , 至清朝中叶形成颇具规模的天坛古树群落。大量的古松柏分布于圜丘、祈年殿等祭祀建筑周围，苍翠的古树与古老的建筑、茵茵的绿草共同构成了天坛庄重肃穆、静谧深远的环境氛围。
从明永乐十八年 (1420 年 ) 北京天地坛初建成时开始，天坛作为皇帝祭祀皇天上帝的专用祭坛的历史一直延续了 490 余年，1920xx年爆发的辛亥革命结束了中国两千余年的封建帝制，也结束了贯穿中国历史达五千年的祭祀史，专用于为皇帝祭祀服务的天坛从此 " 任人游览 ",1918 年民国政府将天坛辟为公园，实行售票开放。1951 年北京市政府组建了天坛管理处，1957 年天坛被列入北京市第一批古建文物保护单位。1961 年被国务院列入第一批全国重点文物保护单位。1998年11月，被列入《世界遗产名录》。
大熊猫是古老的的动物，被称为“活化石”。主要生活在四川和西藏的山区，及其珍稀。它的体态肥胖，皮毛黑白分明，头圆而大，白色的脸上有两个八字形的黑眼圈，就像戴上了一副墨镜。一条黑色的带子从肩一直伸展到整个前肢，并且逐步变宽，后肢也是黑颜色，身体的其他地方都是白色。大熊猫走起路来总是拖着笨拙的身体，大摇大摆第走路。高兴时，它会卷成一团，满地打滚，它的视觉较差，行动缓慢，但能快速而灵活地爬上高大的树木。大熊猫还有高超的游泳技术，若在河边遭遇敌害，会迅速下水逃走。
大熊猫的胃口可大了，每天要吃差不多10~20公斤竹子。不过，大熊猫也不是完全吃素的;在竹林里如果碰到竹鼠，他会仔细地寻找鼠洞，用前爪拼命拍打地面，迫使竹鼠从洞里面跑出来，一把抓住，吃上一顿美餐，有时，大熊猫也会闯进农家，赶走正在孵蛋的母鸡，把一窝蛋吃个精光，心满意足地开一次斋。大熊猫喜欢喝水，它喝水的样子也是蛮有趣的。它先慢吞吞地走到小溪边，用爪子挖一个小坑，让水流到小坑里，一边和睡一边游泳，直到喝得大腹便便，才蹒跚地走回家。如果实在喝的太多了，连走也走不动了，就索性躺在小溪边，呼呼大睡起来。
大熊猫生性孤僻，常分散独栖与茂密的竹林中，没有固定的居住地点，会随着季节的变化而搬家，故得雅号“竹林隐士”。仅在春暖花开时，为了爱，它们才各自大破鸿沟，相互追逐，热恋成婚。熊猫妈妈经过了3~5个月怀胎之后，小熊猫在9月诞生。刚生下的熊猫宝宝只有90~130克。在熊猫宝宝出生后的头几天，熊猫妈妈前足紧抱它，片刻不离开，未满三、四个月以前，妈妈随时随地带着宝宝，离窝时也是随身抱着以确保小宝宝的安全。但过分的溺爱会造成意外的悲剧，熊猫妈妈常在熟睡中将孩子不慎压死。
1984年，第23届奥运会在洛杉矶举行，大会的吉祥物被选定为大熊猫。所以，我国借出了一对大熊猫作为友谊的使者，出使美国，它们受到了全世界人民的喜爱!
天安门广场位于北京市中心，南北长880米，东西宽500米，面积达44万平方米，可容纳100万人举行盛大-，是当今世界上最大的城市广场。
天安门广场记载了北京人民不屈不挠的革命精神和大无畏的英雄气概，五四运动、一 二九运动、五 二○运动都在这里为中国现代革命史留下了浓重的色彩。新中国成立后，天安门广场拓宽，并在广场中央修建了人民英雄纪念碑，后又分别在广场的西侧修建了人民大会堂、东侧修建了中国革命博物馆和中国历史博物馆、南侧修建了毛主席纪念堂。
天安门城楼坐落在广场的北端。天安门建于明永乐十五年(1420xx年)，原名承天门，清顺治八年(1651年)改建后称天安门。城门五阙，重楼九楹，通高33.7米。在20xx余平方米雕刻精美的汉白玉须弥基座上，是高10余米的红白墩台，墩台上是金碧辉煌的天安门城楼。城楼下是碧波粼粼的金水河，河上有5座雕琢精美的汉白玉金水桥。城楼前两对雄健的石狮和挺秀的华表巧妙地相配合，使天安门成为一座完美的建筑艺术杰作。
1949年10月1日，毛泽东主席在天安门城楼上宣告中华人民共和国成立，并亲手升起第一面五星红旗。从此天安门城楼成为新中国的象征，它庄严肃穆的形象是我国国徽的重要组成部分。
尊敬的女士们、先生们、小朋友们：
大家好!
我是今天的导游盛泽西，大家可以叫我小盛。今天我们要参观的是天坛，它是世界著名文化遗产之一。今天，我很高兴和大家共同欣赏它美丽的景色和建筑，共度这段美好的时光，预祝大家玩得愉快!。
天坛是明清两代皇帝祭天的场所，始建于明永乐20xx年(1420xx年)，以后经过不断的扩建，至清乾隆年间建成。它从建成开始，一直是皇帝祭天的专用祭坛，一直延续了490年，直到1920xx年辛亥革命封建帝制结束，它也完成了它的使命。1920xx年被辟为公园，从此后“任人游览”。1957年被列入北京市第一批古建筑文物保护单位。1961年被国务院列入第一批全国重点文物保护单位。
天坛公园现有面积为205万平方米，保存有祈谷坛、圜丘坛、斋宫、神乐四组古建筑群，有古建筑92座600余间。是世界上现存规模最大、形制最完备的古代祭天建筑群。天坛有3500余株古松柏、古槐，树龄逾数百年。
天坛不仅是中国古代皇帝的祭坛，也是中国悠久的祭天文化的结晶，其宏伟的建筑、苍翠的古树、丰富的文物收藏既记载了中国古代先民的企盼和希望，也记载了封建帝王的睿智、昏庸和腐朽。
各位亲爱的游客朋友们，我们今天的游览就要结束了。非常高兴能与大家共同度过这段美好的时光。对我今天的导游有什么不满意之处，请大家批评指正，谢谢!
大巴车摇摇晃晃地沿着山路驶向遗址，远处墨绿的山脉绵延起伏，没有入云的高耸，却有如刀削般的陡峭山势，尘土飞扬间映入眼帘的尽是灰黄的色彩。好一处荒无人烟的地方!我无法想象曾经居住在这里的北京猿人是如何定居，如何生活的。
跟着导游爬了好一段台阶，绕着山腰转了好几个圈，沿路零散竖着几个标牌，标牌上写着这里发掘出的遗迹古物。小道旁时不时有已经灭绝的远古动物的模型，龇着牙，咧着嘴，目光直直射向前方，仿佛虚空中有它的猎物;还有北京猿人的生活写照，或半蹲，或直立，或侧身仰头，举起手中石器，有的背着刚刚捕获的猎物……哪怕经过万年时光，也能看到他们脸上满足的笑意。心中的好奇愈发强烈，我加快了步伐想要一探究竟。
终于到了第一处洞穴――新洞。洞口很大，洞口前的沙石似是被用心打磨过，一层层如利刃剑锋，历经万年仍有森森寒意。在洞口，便可一览这新洞的全貌。新洞是保存最完好的一处洞穴，最高处约有5米，洞里空间不大，但住一家人亦是足够。愈往洞的深处走，温度愈发低，但又不至于寒冷。真真应了讲解员的那句话，这洞的选址是极为巧妙的，夏日凉爽，冬日也不冷。脚下踩着深黄色的土石，混凝得细密、结实，也不会太滑。有一层岩石比地面高出一米左右，沙石更加细腻平坦，我估计是那时北京猿人睡觉的地方。
手电筒苍白的光柱照进洞的深处，隐约可以看见有棱有角的几块岩石散落在洞的一角，猜想可能是他们生活用的器具、工具等。那些岩石虽是零散地放置在了洞穴中最不明显的一隅，但是它们中每一件，都是这片土地上最早居住的'先祖们的智慧结晶。它们是北京猿人生活过的痕迹，穿梭了万年岁月，今日与我们相遇。仿佛是为了赴一场万年的约会，不用多么高调地显露它们的价值，那些石头只需静默地守候在那里，用万年不变的目光注视着我们这些渴望求知的拜访者。与它们对视，眸中含了沧桑，写满了古朴。但我清清楚楚地知道，它们代表了什么。
达尔文进化论中不可或缺的一环，北京猿人的存在证明了历史必然的发展趋势。那个时代的他们，懂得生存，更懂得更好地生存。会使用简单的工具，也会选一处避风的港湾与家人同住，甚至也会用贝壳兽骨雕刻出小小的饰品。
崇敬之情萦绕心间，看着每一处洞穴，我都会想想那时的人过着怎样的生活，又有着怎样的智慧。惊叹于他们已然学会与自然抗争，感慨于他们已然懂得谋求更好的生活方式。
北京猿人，自有他们的智慧。
大家好!各位长途旅行辛苦了。首先代表北京青年旅行社欢迎各位朋友的到来。来到中国。来到首都北京参观游览。请允许我向大家做个简单的自我介绍。我叫妞妞。来自于北京青年旅行社。将做为大家此次之行的导游。而为我们大家驾车的司机姓王，入乡随俗，在北京称司机为师傅，所以大家叫他王师傅就可以了。
对我的称呼就会随意一些了，就直呼我的名字叫妞妞吧。接下来在北京的行程就由我和王师傅共同为大家服务，相信我和王师傅默契的配合，热情周到的服务，会让大家在北京渡过一个快乐，难忘，有意义的假期，同时大家在旅游活动过程中有何想法和建议，可以直接告诉我或司机师傅，也可以讲给你们的领队让他来转告我。在可能并不超出我职权范围之内的事情我一定会尽力的帮助大家。同时也希望大家在此次之行中可以支持并配合我的导游服务工作。在此妞妞先前大家致敬感谢了!
(故宫午门前)
女士们、先生们：
今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆，一般大家都简称它为故宫，清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此，先后有明朝的14位，清朝的10位，共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家，自然规模宏大，气势磅礴，时至今日这里不仅在中国，在世界上也是规模最大，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格，所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位，是建筑艺术的经典之作，1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。
故宫又称紫禁城，究其由来，是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央，正符合紫微居中”的说法。因此，古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座，故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊，因此他们也要模仿天帝，在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字，以表现其位居中央，环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关，关令尹喜见有紫气从东来，知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来，喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象，那么用紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。禁”字的意思就比较明显了，那就是皇宫禁地，戒备森严，万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字，在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步，大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严，神圣不可侵犯啊!
紫禁城建在北京，是有其历史的，也因为这里是一块风水宝地，说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建，用了14年的时间才基本建成，到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了，故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群，为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为，五行包括金，木，水，火，土，其中土占中央方位，因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上，所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情，于是从唐朝起，黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩，其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色，则寓意着美满，吉祥和富贵，正由于这些原因，故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红，黄两种颜色。
故宫占地72万多平方米，有宫殿楼阁9900多间，建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高9.9米，号称10米的城墙，墙外一周是52米宽的护城河，俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米，东西宽约760米，城上四角各有一座结构奇异，和谐美观的角楼，呈八角形，人称九梁十八柱，七十二条脊。城四周各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万，民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山，花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁地的方砖，烧制在苏州，砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所用的红色，原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)的烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广，江西，山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。
我们眼前的建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门，俗称五凤楼。明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一，都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式，清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝弘历”的名字，故将颁历”改称颁朔”。清代，皇帝举行朝会或大祀，以及元旦，冬至，万寿，大婚等重大节日，都要在这里陈设卤簿，仪仗。此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼，如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。
关于推出午门斩首”的说法，可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪，有的在午门廷杖，当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。
(进午门后金水桥前)
现在我们已经到了故宫里面，在正式游览之前，我先介绍一下故宫的布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米，在这样大的面积上，集各种建筑手法，建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群，不但没有纷杂现象，反而给人以结构严谨，色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉，最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红，这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体，北从钟楼，南至永定门，总长度约8公里，皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上，其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。
故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正，前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子，威严，凶悍，成了门前桥头的守卫者，象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子，门前的狮子自然最精美，最高大了。东边立的为雄狮，前爪下有一只幼狮，象征皇权永存，千秋万代。我们眼前的这条小河，叫金水河，起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德：仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓，中轴线就是箭，这表明皇帝受命于天，代天帝治理国家。
(在太和门前)
故宫建筑分为外朝”与内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间的部分分为外朝”，以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿，左右对称，形成外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大的工”字型汉白玉石殿基上，殿基高8米，分为三层，每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕，三台中有三层石雕御路”。太和殿俗称金銮殿，是故宫最高大的一座建筑物，也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。乾清门以内为内廷”，建筑布局也是左右对称。中部为乾清宫，交泰殿、坤宁宫，是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务的地方。两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所，东、西一所是皇子的住所。内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。内金水河沿内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外，河上有白玉石桥，沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕栏杆，形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶，在阳光下金碧辉煌，庄严美观。
故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外，还用了各种手法，使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。比如殿基的处理，殿顶的形式，吻兽和垂脊兽的数目，彩绘图案的规制等等。这样，不仅使主要建筑更显得高大，壮观，而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。民间传说故宫有房9999间半，说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间，地上的皇帝自称天子”，不敢与其同数，所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢?它指的便是文渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间，所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。文渊阁西头一间，面积虽小，仅能容纳一个楼梯，但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》的地方，为了照顾布局上的美观，所以把西头一间建造的格外小。
(经过太和门之后)
女士们、先生们，前面的大殿叫太和殿，俗称金銮殿，是故宫内最大宫殿。建筑面积2377平方米，重檐庑殿顶，是殿宇中最高等级，为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三层重叠的工”字型须弥座上，由汉白玉雕成，离地8余米，下层台阶21级，中，上层各9级。
太和殿始建于公元1406年，经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹的毁坏，现在大家看到的是清朝建的。四个屋檐上各有一排动物，原来是钉子，用来固定瓦片用的，后来换成了神话传说中的动物，据说可以辟邪，而且数量越多，表明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9个，9是阳之极数，依次为7、5、3、1，平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰的。
明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基，宣布即位诏书。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、颁布法令、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等，皇帝都要在这里举行仪式，接受文武百官朝贺。
这个广场是太和殿广场，面积达3万平方米。整个广场无一草一木，空旷宁静，给人以森严肃穆的感觉。正中为御路，左右地面铺的砖横七竖八，共15层，以防有人挖地道进入皇宫。周围有一些大缸，是做什么用的呢?在故宫里一共有308个大缸，是用来储水防炎的，缸下可烧炭加温，防止冬天缸水结冰。为什么要建这么大的广场呢·那是是为了让人们感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。站在下面向前望去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。层层石台，如同白云，加上香烟缭绕，整个太和殿好像天上仙境一样。举行大典时，殿内的珐琅仙鹤盘上点上蜡烛，香亭、香炉烧檀香，露台上的铜炉、龟、鹤燃松柏枝，殿前两侧香烟缭绕，全场鸦雀无声。皇帝登上宝座时，鼓乐齐鸣，文武大臣按吕级跪伏在广场，仰望着云中楼阁山呼万岁，以显示皇帝无上权威与尊严。
清朝末代皇帝溥仪1908年底登基时，年仅3岁，由他父亲摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。当大典开始时差，突然鼓乐齐鸣，吓得小皇帝哭闹不止，嚷着要回家去。载沣急得满头大汗，只好哄着小皇帝说：别哭，别哭，快完了，快完了!”大臣们认为此话不吉祥，说来也巧，3年后清朝果真就灭亡了，从而结束了我国20__多年的封建统治。
昨天下午，我们刚来时导游姐姐提醒我们北京的饭菜很差，被游客们称之为“三乎”。哪“三乎”呢，就是咸乎乎、黑乎乎、黏糊糊。
今天早晨，我们体验了来北京的第一顿早餐。来到餐厅排着队，我伸长脖子一看，大出意外，还不错哦。有小笼包、豆浆、茶蛋，还有清爽的小咸菜。吃过后，我觉得味道还不错，和那“三乎”好像一点也不挨边，虚惊一场。导游姐姐是故意吓唬我们吧。
吃过饭，大家坐上车来到了新前门大街。 北京的前门是古都北京九门之首，前门大街位于中轴线上的南端，为皇帝祭天之道，所以也被称为“天街”。现在是北京重点打造的历史风貌保护区。
这里有古色古香的五牌楼，风格各异的仿古建筑，别有一番风味。这条街很长很长，街两边都是一些商店，有卖衣服的，有卖茶叶的，还有卖小饰品的。
不过，因为我们来的太早，好多商家还没营业呢。这里汇聚了许多老字号的店铺，比如谦祥益、全聚德、大北照相馆等。这里曾是老北京三大商业区之一，始于明盛于清。颠峰时期商贾云集，老字号多达上百家。
青石铺就的路面干净整洁，路中央铺着长长的铁轨。不过，很遗憾没有看见传说中的“铛铛车”。
这里的路灯与众不同，有鸟笼形的，有糖葫芦形的，不知道晚上点亮后会是怎样的美景呢?
