世界文化遗产——龙门石窟，是我国三大佛教石窟艺术宝库之一。1961年被国务院公布为全国第一批重点文物保护单位；1982年公布为全国重点风景名胜区；20xx年11月联合国教科文组织将其列入《世界遗产名录》。
它位于洛阳市南13公里的伊河两岸，这里两山对峙，伊水中流，形若门阙，故称“伊阙”，隋朝始称龙门。龙门石窟自北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳始凿（公元493年），历经400余年的雕刻，现存窟龛2300多个，雕像10万余尊，碑刻题记30多万字。两山窟龛造像以数量之多，规模之大，题材多样，雕刻精美，蕴涵丰富而蜚声中外。以北魏和唐代造像达到当时艺术的顶峰及匠心独具的皇家典范、中原风格而异于早、晚期石窟。以碑刻题记数量为世界石窟之最而被誉为“古碑林”。以造像内容广涉佛教信仰的众多宗派甚至包括道教的题材也是石窟艺术中所罕见。龙门石窟以大量的实物形象和文字资料从不同侧面反映了中国古代政治、经济、宗教、文化等许多领域的发展变化，对中国石窟艺术的创新与发展做出了重大贡献。
龙门石窟，是东方雕刻艺术的瑰宝，以其动人心魄的气势、鬼斧神工的造型、充满智慧的想象、美奂美轮的雕刻艺术，征服了多少游客的心，民族的自豪感与满足的审美感受，油然而生。是的，来龙门游玩，与其说是视觉的盛宴，不如说是一次心灵的朝拜。充满灵性的石窟静躺在古老的河边和唐朝的天空下，历史的沧桑凝重与艺术的历久弥新，让人感叹先人的智慧创造的同时，宗教信仰与膜拜情结，也自然流露，难以掩饰……
乘车路线可从火车站前乘一日游专车到景区；乘81、53、60路公交车也可到，车程约40分钟
关林位于洛阳市南郊8公里处的关林镇，镇因关林而得名。关林是埋葬三国时期蜀将关羽首级的地方。关林始建于明万历二十四年（1596年），是一处宫殿式建筑群、古柏成林，隆冢丰碑，气派巍巍。
关林的主要建筑均在中轴线上，依次为舞楼、大门、仪门、甬道、拜殿、大殿、二殿、三殿、石坊、八角亭，最后为关冢。
大殿始建于明万历二十四年（1596年），面阔七间，进深三间，高26米。庑殿顶，琉璃瓦覆盖，五脊横立，六兽扬威。正门上，有12幅明代浮雕木刻。说的是桃园三结义，三英战吕布等故事。
二殿五开间，庑殿式，门上悬挂着"光昭日月"匾额，是清光绪帝御题。殿中塑关羽怒视东吴像，左侧站着手棒大印的关平、右侧站着手持大刀的周仓。二殿左右各建有一座硬山式的陪殿，左为张候殿，右为五虎殿。三殿硬山式，面阔五间，规模较小，内塑关羽夜读春秋像、关羽出行图和睡像，故又称寝殿。
石坊宽10米，高6米，三门道。正额题"汉寿亭侯墓"五字，坊上题联甚多，均是歌颂关羽之作，书体皆为明清书法，值得欣赏。
八角亭建于清康熙五年（1666年），构筑奇巧，别具一格。亭内有龟跌座石碑一通，高4.8米，碑头雕龙，额题"勒封碑记"四字。碑的正面书题"忠义神武灵佑仁勇威显关圣大帝林"，为历代帝王对关羽的最高封号。旧时帝王墓称陵，王侯墓称冢，百姓墓称坟，圣人墓称林。关羽被尊为"武圣"，故其墓称"关林"。关林俗称关帝冢。相传，孙吴杀害关羽之后，怕刘备起兵报仇，遂以木匣盛关羽首级，送往洛阳。企图嫁祸于曹操。曹操识破其计。刻沉香木为躯，以王侯之礼葬于城南。
关林为省级重点文物保护单位，1980年经整修，设立了"洛阳古代艺术馆"，在两侧廊房内陈列洛阳出土的众多石刻、碑志精品。
关羽被过去历代王朝尊为"武圣"，是民间信仰者"忠、勇、仁、义"之楷模。关林古庙会已有四百多年历史，前往关林朝圣之海内外游客络绎不绝。
朋友们：今天我要带领大家参观的是洛阳市一处著名的旅游景点——白马寺。白马寺位于今洛阳城东约12公里处，这里北依邙山，南临洛水，宝塔高耸，殿阁峥嵘，长林古木，肃然幽静。在它的东面不远处，蒿榛丛莽的古城垣，依然断断续续逶迤在伊洛平原之上，勾勤出一座昔日大国京都的宏伟轮廓。那就是东汉洛阳城的旧址。
白马寺初创于东汉永平十一年（公元68年），是佛教传入中国后，由官府正式创建的第一座寺院，是源于南亚次大陆的佛教在辽阔的中华大地赖以繁荣发展的第一座菩提道场，故历来被佛教界称为释源”和祖庭”。释源”即佛教之发源地，祖庭”即祖师之庭院。它对佛教在中国的传播和发展，对促进中外思想文化交流和发展各国人民的友谊，是起了重要作用的。1961年，国务院公布白马寺为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。1983年，国务院又公布白马寺为全国汉传佛教重点寺院。前不久，即20xx年6月2日，白马寺又被国家旅游局定为国家4A级旅游景点。
白马寺自东汉创建起，到董卓火烧洛阳时第一次被毁，其后兴衰毁建，到武则天时，由主持薛怀义大兴土木，达到了鼎盛。随后又毁建不断，最近一次大规模重修是1972年为迎接柬埔寨西哈努克亲王，经周总理批示而进行的。
现存白马寺坐北朝南，为一长方形的院落，总面积约6万平方米左右。门前有宽阔的广场。寺内的主要建筑，都分布在由南向北的中轴线上。前后有五座大殿，依次为天王殿、大佛殿、大雄殿、毗卢阁，东西两侧分别有钟、鼓楼，斋堂、客堂，禅堂、祖堂，藏经阁、法宝阁等附属建筑，左右对称，布局规整。山门前的这两匹石马，通高1.8米，身长2.2米，形象温驯，雕工圆润。大家可能会问，这两匹马是否和白马寺的创建历史有关呢？
关于白马寺的创建，最流行的一种说法即白马驮经”说。据在关佛籍记载，东汉永平七年的一天晚上，汉明帝刘庄（刘秀之子）夜宿南宫，梦见一个身高丈六，头顶放光的金人自西方而来，在殿庭飞绕。第二天早上，汉明帝召集大臣，把这个梦告诉给大臣们，博士傅毅启奏道：臣听说，西方有神，人们称其为佛，就像您梦到的那样。汉明帝听罢，信以为真，于是就派大臣蔡音、秦景等十余人出使西域拜求佛经、佛法。蔡音等人于公元65年，告别帝都，踏上了西天取经”的万里征途。在大月氏国（今阿富汗境至中亚一带），遇到印度高僧摄摩腾、竺法兰，见到了佛经和释迦牟尼佛白毡像，诚恳邀请二位高僧东赴中国弘法布教。永平十年（公元67年），二位印度高僧应邀和东汉使者一道，用白马驮载佛经、佛像同返国都洛阳。汉明帝见到佛经、佛像，十分高兴，对二位高僧极为礼重，亲自予以接待，并安排他们在当时负责外交事务的官署鸿胪寺暂住。公元68年，汉明帝敕令在洛阳西雍门外三里御道北兴建僧院。为纪念白马驮经之，因此取名白马寺”。寺”字即源于鸿胪寺之寺”字。再后来寺”字便成了中国寺院的一种泛称。
说到白马寺，不少游人都会把它和唐僧取经”的故事联系在一起。其实从时间上看，白马寺要比唐僧取经”早560多年。
我们眼前的这两匹石马，原是宋代太师太保、右卫将军、驸马都尉魏咸信墓前之物，是两件优秀的宋代石雕作品。1935年前后，主持僧德浩法师重修白马寺时，将它们迁置于山门前。大家看到的这座山门，为牌坊式歇山顶，建于明代。1987年翻修了顶部，木质匾额上的白马寺”三字，是中国佛教协会原会长赵朴初先生题写的。三个门洞，象征着佛教所说的三解脱门”佛教称之为涅磐之门。三个门洞都是用砖和青石券砌而成的，部分券石上刻有工匠的姓氏名字，从字体上看此种券石应是东汉遗物，是白马寺内现存最早的文物。
白马寺山门内西侧，有一巨大的半截残碑，残高约1.7米，宽1.4米，相传此碑为宋代翰林学士、著名文人苏易简撰，因其碑文不是由上到下一长行通写到底，而是用短行分成几排写出来，别具格式，故称断文碑”，为白马寺六景之一。
山门东侧，为元代所遗存的《洛京白马寺祖庭记》碑，通高3.5米，宽1.15米，碑额洛京白马寺祖庭记”八字为篆书。此碑立于元代至顺四年（公元1333年），由元代华严名僧仲华文才撰文，内有上梦金人，自西飞至，身光炜，以迟旦告所梦于臣下”，遣遵偕郎中蔡音、秦景等十八人，西访至天竺，遇沙门迦摄摩腾、竺法兰”等句子，碑文称白马寺为祖庭”和释源”，并说释源居中天，权舆佛法之地”，实为腾、兰二神僧开教之绪”。仲华文才后来到了佛教四大名山”之一的五台山，成为五台山名刹佑国寺的开山第一代主持。这篇碑文，应是他卓锡白马寺时所撰。碑文楷书，字体潇洒工整，丰神秀骨，实为不可多得的书法艺术珍品。因此碑不曾留下书丹者姓名，碑文究竟出自谁手，遂成一桩悬案。但字体为赵体”。
前面这座东西对称的建筑，东侧为新建的钟楼，钟楼前有民国时期所建的五间门头堂”；西侧为新建的鼓楼，鼓楼前有民国时所建的云水堂”。门头堂”、云水堂”现已辟为佛教法物流通处和旅游接中心。
在钟楼以东、鼓楼以西，靠近东西两侧围墙，分别为摄摩腾、竺法兰二位印度高僧之墓。二位高僧曾长期禅居白马寺内译经传教，在这里他们共同译出了中国最早的汉文佛经《四十二章经》。他们先后圆寂于白马寺，就葬于寺内，现墓前有明代崇祯七年（1634年）所立墓碑，腾兰墓”也为白马寺六景之一。
现在我们看到的这座大殿称为天王殿，是白马寺内第一重大殿。此殿因殿内供四大天王而得名。迎面而坐的是大肚弥勒佛，他笑容满面，和蔼可亲，右手持念珠，左手握布带，形象生动有趣，为明代造像作品。在中国汉族的佛寺中，第一座大殿通常都供奉弥勒佛。人们进入佛寺中，首先看到这一乐呵呵的形象，会对佛门产生一种亲切之感。
佛像上面的这一座大佛龛，共雕有五十多条姿态各异的龙，雕工细腻，是清代上乘的木雕艺术品。
大殿内两侧，分塑四大天王，又叫四大金刚”，分别是东方持国天王，手持琵芭；南方增长天王，右手持伞，左手握妖；西方广目天王，一手握龙，一手持宝珠；北方多闻天王，手托宝塔。按照中国个习惯，一他们手中所持法器不同，他们分别代表着风”调”雨”顺”，四大天王身材魁梧，威风凛凛，是一组清代泥塑作品。
这尊面北站像为韦驼天将，被称做护法神”，着武将装，立于弥勒像后，正对释迦牟尼佛，执行着维护讲经道场，不许邪魔侵扰的任务，也是清代泥塑作品。
在天王殿的东西两侧，种植着许多石榴树。人们说五月石榴红似火”，但在白马寺却恰恰相反，因为这里的石榴颜色是白色的。每至农历四五月份，树上开满了石榴花，晶莹洁白，如玉似雪，十分好看，真是五月榴花白如雪”。
大佛殿是白马寺的第二重大殿，大佛殿前东侧，立有明代嘉靖三十五年（1556年）黄锦撰文的《重修古刹白马禅寺记》碑。高3.8米，宽1.03米，这方石碑对研究白马寺的历史沿革有重要的参考价值。
大佛殿是寺内主要殿堂，重大的佛事活动，均在这里举行。今存之大佛殿，是明代重建的，虽经后世重修，单仍不失明代建筑风格。
殿内正中佛坛之上供奉着七尊造像，正中释迦牟尼佛，结跏趺坐于须弥座上，像高2.4米。
这里的塑像，据说是他最后一次讲经说法时的形象，此次讲经，他并不讲话，叫做不语说法”，只用右手持一朵鲜花，让众人猜测，即所谓涅磐会上”捻花示众”。大佛胸口字符号，表示大佛福德无量”，万德圆融”，所以身有瑞相，表示吉祥之所集”，武则天定此符号读音为万”。
释迦牟尼的左侧，为大弟子摩诃珈叶，在这次不语说法”中，惟有他懂得了佛的真正用意，从而破颜微笑，后来被推为释迦牟尼的十大弟子之一，中国禅宗推崇他为印度传承的第一代祖师。
右侧站像为大弟子阿难，他博闻强记，被称为多闻第一”，中国禅宗又推他为在印度传承佛法的第二代祖师。
洛阳是中国历史上建都时间最早、朝代最多、 时间最长，跨度最大的城市。也是中国优秀旅游城市和“感动世界的中国品牌城市”。洛阳旅游景点有丰富的人文景观，其中龙门石窟是中国三大石窟之一，白马寺是中国第一座官办佛教寺院，洛阳古墓博物馆是世界上最大的古墓群，此外还有二程墓、白园、关林等一大批历史遗迹。 洛阳，因为地处洛水之阳而得名，是华夏文明的主要发祥地之一。自公元前770年周平王迁都洛邑起，历史上先后有13个朝代在此建都，时间长达1500多年。自古以来，这里墨客骚人云集，因此有“诗都”之称，牡丹香气四溢，又有“花都”的美誉。洛阳位处亚欧大陆桥东段，横跨黄河中游两岸，“居天下之中”，素有“九州腹地”之称。是“华夏第一王都”，是八大古都和国务院首批公布的历史文化名城之一，是 “丝绸之路”起点之一，是中国历史上唯一被命名为“神都”的城市。
洛阳位于豫西山区，东临嵩岳，西依秦岭，南望伏牛，北靠太行，地形、地貌复杂多变，孕育了名山大川、河湖瀑布、溶洞温泉、原始森林等风景名胜。 北25公里有中华民族的母亲河黄河及举世瞩目的小浪底水利枢纽工程，270平方里浩淼水面与崇山峻岭融为一体，构成一幅北方千岛湖的壮观画面。东80公理有中岳嵩山及少林寺名胜， 青山叠翠，峰峦耸峙，寺庙巍巍，武校林立。南部和西部50到160公里范围内，分布有国家森林公园白云山、龙峪湾、花果山和国家级自然保护区伏牛山，有栾川老君山、洛宁神灵寨、嵩县天池山、新安青要山等8个省级森林公园和自然保护区，还有“北国第一溶洞”鸡冠洞、“北国水乡重度沟和陆浑水库旅游度假区等景点。
洛阳是个古老的城市。当你走进老城，你一定会深深地迷恋上她那质朴的气息。她就像是一本沉甸甸的书，在等待着你去细细品味;她更像是一位饱经沧桑的老者，在等待着与你倾心交流。老城里最不缺的就是一座座瓦片屋顶的小楼，木刻的屋檐、窗棂，还有那古色古香的街道，仿佛都在向你讲述着洛阳曾经的辉煌。 四月的洛阳城牡丹怒放，城内变成了“国色天香”的海洋。细嗅芬芳，置身花海，动人的牡丹娇艳欲滴，让人忍不住心生怜爱，醉入其中。龙门石窟的鬼斧神工，让你不得不赞叹古人技艺的出神入化，震撼人心。历经岁月更迭的白马寺，依然在古城中静默如初，散发着她的光芒。在老街闲庭信步，细细品味她的与风韵，让历史诉说，让时间停驻。
洛阳春季干旱大风多，夏季炎热多雨且集中，秋季晴和日照长。4月气候温暖，可以欣赏无数牡丹争芳斗艳的奇丽景象。特别是每年4月1日至5月10日的“牡丹花会”时，更是人头攒动，满城皆花。4月底-5月中，有“樱桃节”。洛阳独树樱桃，个大肉厚、味纯甘美，汉、魏、晋、唐、宋，一直是朝廷贡品和宗庙祭祀的佳果。到“十里樱桃沟”去，品美果，赏美景，至则忘返。
殿西南角为大法鼓。这里的钟、鼓都是僧人们进行佛事活动时所敲打的乐器。
大佛殿内后部，这尊面向北方的坐像，为观世音菩萨，由于背对大佛，又称“倒坐观音”。
现在我们看到的是第三重大殿----大雄殿。大雄殿，本为元代所重建，明、清时重修。殿门外东侧壁间，嵌有宋代重立的《摩腾入汉灵异记》刻石，毕无说它“字体绝类《圣教序》，北宋人书，犹有晋唐风格，良可爱也。”此刻石记载了汉明帝修建齐云塔的起始原委。
殿内天棚上。画有鲜艳的莲花图案；殿中央，这个巨大的木雕贴金双层佛龛，精雕细刻，金碧辉煌 ，看起来十分壮观。在上层龛额正中，浮雕着一只大鹏金翅鸟，鸟吻人身。在鹏金翅鸟的两边，还各浮雕有三条龙。佛教传说，大鹏金翅鸟喜欢吃龙，龙万般无奈，只好找如来佛“告状”，如来佛即从所披袈裟之上抽出一束丝，用一根丝覆盖一条龙。从此，龙受到如来佛的保护，不再担心受大鹏鸟之害了。如来佛又运用神通，让供品变化的无限多，用供品代龙，满足了大鹏金翅鸟的要求，解决了双方的矛盾，龙、鸟皆大欢喜。佛龛上的图案，大概就源于这个佛教传说故事吧。
佛龛内的三尊主佛，皆盘双膝坐于莲花宝座中，正中为释迦牟尼，尊称“大雄”，即像大勇士那样神通广大，法力无边。像高2.25米，整个形象给人以无限庄严、圣洁、恬静之感。释迦左侧为东方“净琉璃世界”的药师佛，右侧为西方“极乐世界”的阿弥陀佛。这三尊佛形制、风格大体相同。
三主佛之前，左右相对而站的是韦驮、韦力二位“护法神”。
殿内两侧供置十八罗汉，这一组十八罗汉，都是坐像，形态各异，通高介于1.55—1.61米之间。西侧有一尊罗汉，头戴花冠，上衣下裙，完全是一位端庄、娴雅的女性形象，而其余十七尊则削发光顶。有些游人就把他们戏称为十八罗汉一枝花。
大雄宝殿的三主佛、二天将、十八罗汉都是元代造像，与天王殿的弥勒佛，共二十四尊，是1973年从北京故宫慈宁宫大佛堂调入的，为传世极稀的文物瑰宝，国内已非常罕见。其中十八罗汉为国内仅存的一套，是白马寺的镇寺之宝。
东西山墙上为木雕千佛壁龛，供有壁佛5056尊。
殿后站的韦力天将，为寺内现今仅存的一尊元代泥雕作品。
接引殿是寺内的第四重大殿。按佛教说法，佛教徒修行到一定时候，有了一定的功果，便可由阿弥陀佛迎接、引导到西方“极乐世界”去。正中主尊为阿弥陀佛，右手向前下伸，作接引状；左手指向西方“极乐世界”。右侧为观音菩萨，左侧为大势至菩萨，合称“西方三圣”，均为清代泥塑作品。接引殿于清代同治年间毁于火灾，光绪年间重建，是白马寺内修建晚，规模小的殿。
现在请大家随我一起登上清凉台，相传，清凉台原是汉明帝刘庄小时候避暑、读书之处；后来二位印度僧在此居住并译经传教，本汉文佛经《四十二章经》就是大此译出的。自东汉以后，历来均以此为藏经之所。清凉台之名，源自清如秀和尚，被誉为白马寺六景之首。如秀能文能诗，书画俱佳。他把白马寺内的六项重要古迹，题为白马寺六景，分别是清凉台、焚经台、齐云台、以及前面已介绍过的夜半钟、腾兰墓和断文碑。
整个台上，以毗卢阁为中心，周围环绕配殿、僧房和廊庑等，构成一个封闭式的院落。毗卢阁是寺内后一重大殿，为明代重修，重檐歇山顶，殿内佛坛上中间主尊为摩诃毗卢遮那佛，简称毗卢佛，意为“大日佛”，象征着光明普照，佛法广大无边。毗卢佛，是佛教中一个重要教派---密宗（也叫真言宗）所尊奉的的神。
毗卢佛的左侧为文殊菩萨，右为普贤菩萨。这一佛二菩萨，合称“华严三圣”均为清代泥塑像。
随着佛教在中国的发展兴盛，于是形成了各种各样的佛教宗派。这些宗派之间互相联系，互为影响，也互为斗争。自唐武宗灭佛之后，惟有禅宗弘而不衰，成为汇合各宗派的完全中国化的佛教。其中以祖宗和净土宗、密宗、律宗结合得紧密。作为“释源”和“祖庭”的白马寺，对于中佛教的这种历史现象有明显的反映。宋元之后，白马寺虽为禅宗寺院，但寺内的接引殿及阿弥陀佛主要是净土宗的内容，而毗卢阁及毗卢佛，则又主要是密宗的内容。
在清凉台东西两侧，分别新建有藏经阁、法宝阁各一座，供奉着泰国佛教世界赠送给白马寺的中华古佛和印度前总理拉奥赠送的释迦牟尼铜像。
现在我们来到齐云塔院。此院位于白马寺山门外东南约200米处，齐云塔是一座方形密檐工砖塔，十三层，高约25米。齐云塔外形呈抛物线，造型别致，玲珑妩媚。据寺内现存宋代刻石记载。齐云塔初建于东汉永平十二年，即公元69年，创建白马寺的第二年，应该是中国古老的一座佛塔。现存的砖塔，则为金大定十五年（公元1175年）年建，已有八百多年的历史，是洛阳一带地面现存早的古建筑，1990年齐云塔被辟为河南 省座比丘尼道场。
齐云塔有一奇，如果站在塔南约20米处，用击掌，便可听到从塔身发出“哇哇”的声音，好像田野里青蛙的叫声。所以当地人传说，在齐云塔上住有一保金蛤蟆。其实这是一种回音现象，它比北京天坛的明代回音壁（1530年）要早三百五十多年。
中国座古刹是白马寺；中国座古塔是齐云塔；次“西天取经”始于洛阳；早来华的印度僧人禅居于白马寺；早传入梵文佛经“贝叶经”收藏于白马寺；早的译经道场是白马寺内的清凉台；相汉文佛经《四十二章经》是在白马寺译出的；本汉文佛律《僧祗戒心》始译于白马寺；场佛、道之争发生于白马寺；个汉人和尚朱士行受戒于白马寺。这十项，我们可以称之为“祖庭十古”。正是这“祖庭十古”，使洛阳折马寺能够稳居中国伽蓝之首座，而永远彪炳于中国佛教史册之卷首。 来源:考试大-导游
located in the west of henan province in central china, luoyang occupiesquite an important geographic location. it is in the middle reaches of theyellow river and is encircled by mountains and plains. to its east and west arethe hu lao pass and han gu pass which were essential domestic transportationjunctions in ancient times. to its north, mengjin county was an important ferrycrossing of the yellow river. thus, luoyang was selected as the capital city by13 dynasties starting from the xia dynasty (21st-16th century bc) in the 21stcentury bc. in the period following the han dynasty (206bc-220), andparticularly during the sui (581-618) and tand (618-907) dynasties, the cityexperienced a period of growth and prosperity and ranked as one of theinternational metropolitans of the time.
its long history endows luoyang with a profound sense of culture. the cityis the cradle of chinese civilization where many chinese legends happened, suchas nvwa patching the sky, dayu controlling flood and the chinese ancestorhuangdi establishing the nation. the city is also famed as the 'poets capital'as poets and literates of ancient china often gathered there and left grandworks, including 'book of wisdom' ('daode jing'), 'han history' ('han shu') and'administrative theory of admonishing official' ('zi zhi tong jian'). religiousculture once thrived here. taoism originated there and the first buddhist templeset up by the government was located there. luoyang is also the hometown of manyof the scientific inventions of ancient china, such as the seismograph,armillary sphere, paper making, printing and the compass.
luoyang has rich historical and cultural sites. the longmen grottoes areone of china's three most precious treasure houses of stone sculptures andinscriptions. the white horse temple is the first buddhist temple and is honoredas the 'cradle of buddhism in china'. mt. mangshan is where ancient tombs ofemperors, nobles and literates in the past dynasties collected. the luoyangancient tombs museum is the world's first example of the kind and presentsthousands of treasures discovered in the tombs. shaolin temple is the place oforigin for chinese zen buddhism and the cradle of chinese martial scapes in luoyang hold the same attraction as the cultural sites. whitecloud mountain, funiu mountain, long yu wan national forest park, ji guanlimestone cave and the yellow river xiaolangdi scenic area are all worth avisit. additionally, luoyang is particularly well known for its peonies. everyyear in april, the flowers blossom and attract tourists from all over the ng in luoyang is quite an enjoyable experience. various kinds of localdishes, including water feast, yan cai and others which use the famous yellowriver carps as an ingredient, together with the uniquely flavored soups, willgreatly satisfy your taste buds. luoyang's local specialties such as palacelanterns, bronze vessels and tri-colored glazed potteries will no doubt delightyour eyes and offer you ideal souvenirs. being a modern city as well, luoyanghas hotels of all standards which provide you quite a broad choice for yourstay. most of the hotels have reasonable room prices and perfect services.
transportation is well developed in luoyang. beijiao airport has manydomestic flights extending to many large cities in other provinces. it's alsovery easy to get to luoyang by train because one of china's most importantrailway lines long hai railway traverses the city and connects most cities ineast, west and central china. the convenient city buses and taxies can carry youaround the city. near the railway station, special tourist buses can take you tothe tourist spots in the suburban areas of the city.
luoyang, a charming city filled with the fragrance of peonies and theprimitive atmosphere of ancient civilization, is waiting and welcoming guestsfrom all over the world. putting the city into the list of your exploration inchina, you will get far more than what you expect.
the longmen grottos
the longmen grottos are on the yihe river bank, some 12 kilometers fromancient luoyang city, about 30 minutes' drive. it is one of the three mostimportant buddhist sculptures and carvings in china. the longmen grottos enjoy agood location where two mountains confront each other between which flows theyihe river.
the grotto was first carved in north wei dynasty, over 1500 years ago andexpanded through the succeeding east and west wei dynasties, north qi dynasty,north zhou dynasty, sui and tang dynasties and was finally completed in northsong dynasty. over 500 years' renovation and expansion have created theprestigious world cultural site. the most significant chiseling activitieshappened in the tang and north wei dynasties, which lasted over 150 years.
spanning a length of around 1 kilometer on the hillside along the yiheriver, the niches resemble dozens of honeycombs dotting the area. there areabout 2.100 grottoes and niches, over 40 crematory urns, 3,600 inscribed stonetablets and over 100,000 buddhist images and statues. the largest one is 17meters high while the smallest is a tiny as 2 cm. one third of the complex areworks of the north wei dynasty. these masterpieces are the binyang cave, andlianhua( lotus cave). the impressive qianxi temple, fengxian temple, wanfo cave(ten thousand buddhist cave) are the highlights of the tang dynast's longmen grottos are of great value in world sculpture history and it hasbeen listed in the world cultural heritage site by the unesco. to protect such avaluable heritage site, the chinese government as well as some influential worldcultural organizations are trying hard to share this site with the whole word. alarge-scaled renovation was undertaken in __ to keep the grottos in goodcondition.
white horse temple
located at the 12 kilometers east of luoyang city, the white horse templeis one of the oldest buddhist temples in china and is renowned as the cradle ofchinese buddhism. although it is not the largest nor the most beautiful buddhismmonument in china, this temple with its large number of buddhism items housedthere, is well worth a trip.
an interesting legend related to the temple goes that a white horse carriedthe first buddhist script from india here in ancient time hence the name whitehorse temple. history records that the site was original the place used by thesecond han emperor-liu zhuang as a summer resort and for study. in 68 ad, whenbuddhism reached its heyday in india, two indian monks brought buddhistscriptures to luoyang on the back of a white horse. the emperor, who was adevout buddhism believer, built the temple to house the scriptures and named itwhite horse temple. it was said that there were once thousands of monks livingin the temple. it was even used as a refugee sanctuary during the social turmoilof wang mang in the eastern han dynasty.
the two monks who brought scriptures from india were buried here. manymonks from outside china have visited the monk and many of them have spent therest of their time in that temple. the famous tang dynasty monk-xuanzang startedhis 17 years long pilgrimage trip to indian from the temple. after returning,xuanzhang became the abbot of the white horse temple, where he disseminated thescriptures of buddhism for the rest of his life.
guanlin temple
at the end of guanlin nan lu, guanlin temple was built to commemorate thegreat general guanyu of the state of shu during the three kingdoms period. inthe romance of three kingdoms, the shu general guanyu was defeated, captured andexecuted by sunquan, the ruler of the state of wu. fearing revenge from guanyu’sblood brother liubei who was the ruler of the state of shu, sunquan ordered tosend guanyu’s head to caocao-ruler of wei in an attempt to deflect theresponsibility for the death. caocao, however, was an admirer of guan's loyaltyand bravery. he ordered a wooden body be carved to accompany the head beforeguanyu was buried.
very little is known about when the temple was first built. the complex wasdeveloped during the ming dynasty and was underwent several renovation andexpansion during the succeeding qing dynasty. it's now comprised of halls,temples, pavilions and guan's tomb. some valuable stone tablets with elegantcalligraphies are also found here. the place is very popular among the localswho worship the valorous general by burning sticks of incense.
museum of ancient tombs
an interesting old saying goes that suzhou and hangzhou are good places tolive, while luoyang is a good place to die. many of the ancient emperors,princes, generals and other public celebrities took this advice and left ordersthat they were to be buried in luoyang after their death. there are over 20ancient tombs dating from the han dynasty to the north song dynasty. a museumwas built at the site where many ancient tombs were excavated.
the museum is at the mang hill in the north suburb of the city, about 8kilometers from the city center. covering an area of around 3 hectare, it hastwo parts: the underground and above ground parts. the above ground partcontains a han-style gate, some halls. tomb models from the stone age to the handynasty, restored funerary objects and funeral rituals are displayed in theeastern hall.
the underground section is a tomb groups site which is about 7 metersunderground. there are north and south song dynasties hall, wei and jindynasties hall, tang and song dynasties hall and a hall for refined itemsexcavated from the tombs. many of the vividly painted murals, valuable relicsand a number of pottery figures are on display here. visitors can also find themodels of ancient tombs. 22 ancient tombs restored to their original styles aredisplayed here.
luoyang museum
luoyang served as the capitals for a long period of time. history has leftthe place a large number of historical rare relics. many of these rarely seemitems can be found at the luoyang museum. the museum is located at the citycenter, very easy to find.
the museum's exhibition center displays refined ancient items includingbronze wares, ceramics, gold and silver artifacts and jade. these exhibitionsoffer a good illustration of the city's grand past.
luoyang peony
luoyang is renowned as: the city of peony. the city has long been famousfor its beautiful peony flowers. peony, has been called the king of flowers forits gorgeous charm and unbelievably beauty. the flower has been a symbol ofgrace in china. ancient chinese poets once compared peony with the beautiful andelegant ladies and thought the two were equally pleasant to the eye.
luoyang has a long history of planting peony. peony growing began toprevail in the region in the ancient sui dynasty, over one thousand years the tang dynasty, many famous gardens for peony were built and peony wasplanted on a massive scale. luoyang became the country's peony cultivation andtrade center in the song dynasty. luoyang peony is international famous for thepeony. luoyang's unique climate is well suited to its peony growing ang is located in the temperate zone with favorable and humid climate allyear around.
luoyang peony is well-known for its big flowers and many varieties. eachyear, in late spring when the peonies are in full blossom, thousands of visitorsswarm to the city to enjoy the stunningly beautiful flowers. the internationalpeony festival held here annually adds even more fame to luoyang's peony.
Chuzhou
I am living there from my birth. Chuzhou is in the province of ared with Nanjing, it is small but beantiful,which is located in the easternSu Wan border region. Chuzhou is an ancient city with a long history. Built in589AD, numerous changes have taken place in Chuzhou through its vast , in spite of repeated devastation, the city is still seated exactly on theoriginal site ,which is indeed an instance rarely found in the world. The uniquecharacteristics of the past are still retained in present-day Chuzhou. In thecourse of the history of China, it has been a metropolis of industry andcommerce in the north-eastern Anhui. Chuzhou is conveniently located on theJinghu Railway linking Shanghai and Beijing, to both of which there is 2- hourlyrailway service. Chuzhou South Railway Station is among the busiest passengerstations in China, having more than40 trains stopping daily. T-Trains only take20 minutes to Nanjing and an hour and half to Shanghai. Chuzhou is located inwater net, street according to river and then set up, the land-and-waterproceeds together; you can find the special appearance of the small bridges,flowing water, the old-fashioned houses, the beautiful lakes with undulatinghills. There is little pollution. Air is fresh and street is clean. Chuzhou isfamous as a scenic tourist city.
Langya Mountain contributes to the province's great scenery, as thenational key scenic area, national forest parkZuiweng Pavilion for the four mostfamous pavilions was built in the northern Song Dynasty periods ,one of theeight people by the Tng and Song Dynasty named Ouyang xiu and from the zuiwengpavilion. Langya is famous for its mountains, Ouyang xiu all by zuiwengpavilion, as well as the Song Dynasty in the writing of masterpiece the zuiwengpavilio Come on! I urge you to dig a little deeper, and experience classicChuzhou. I believe the city’s fantastic features and classic lifestyle isunmatched in China. It is worth visiting and experiencing. I wish you can choosethe city as your vacation destination.
朋友们：
今天我要带领大家参观的是洛阳市一处著名的旅游景点-----白马寺。白马寺位于今洛阳城东约12公里处，这里北依邙山，南临洛水，宝塔高耸，殿阁峥嵘，长林古木，肃然幽静。在它的东面不远处，蒿榛丛莽的古城垣，依然断断续续逶迤在伊洛平原之上，勾勤出一座昔日大国京都的宏伟轮廓。那就是东汉洛阳城的旧址。
白马寺初创于东汉永平十一年（公元68年），是佛教传入中国后，由官府正式创建的第一座寺院，是源于南亚次大陆的佛教在辽阔的中华大地赖以繁荣发展的第一座菩提道场，故历来被佛教界称为“释源”和“祖庭”。“释源”即佛教之发源地，“祖庭”即祖师之庭院。它对佛教在中国的传播和发展，对促进中外思想文化交流和发展各国人民的友谊，是起了重要作用的。1961年，国务院公布白马寺为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。1983年，国务院又公布白马寺为全国汉传佛教重点寺院。前不久，即20__年6月2日，白马寺又被国家旅游局定为国家4A级旅游景点。
白马寺自东汉创建起，到董卓火烧洛阳时第一次被毁，其后兴衰毁建，到武则天时，由主持薛怀义大兴土木，达到了鼎盛。随后又毁建不断，最近一次大规模重修是1972年为迎接柬埔寨西哈努克亲王，经周总理批示而进行的。
现存白马寺坐北朝南，为一长方形的院落，总面积约6万平方米左右。门前有宽阔的广场。寺内的主要建筑，都分布在由南向北的中轴线上。前后有五座大殿，依次为天王殿、大佛殿、大雄殿、毗卢阁，东西两侧分别有钟、鼓楼，斋堂、客堂，禅堂、祖堂，藏经阁、法宝阁等附属建筑，左右对称，布局规整。山门前的这两匹石马，通高1.8米，身长2.2米，形象温驯，雕工圆润。大家可能会问，这两匹马是否和白马寺的创建历史有关呢？
关于白马寺的创建，最流行的一种说法即“白马驮经”说。据在关佛籍记载，东汉永平七年的一天晚上，汉明帝刘庄（刘秀之子）夜宿南宫，梦见一个身高丈六，头顶放光的金人自西方而来，在殿庭飞绕。第二天早上，汉明帝召集大臣，把这个梦告诉给大臣们，博士傅毅启奏道：臣听说，西方有神，人们称其为佛，就像您梦到的那样。汉明帝听罢，信以为真，于是就派大臣蔡音、秦景等十余人出使西域拜求佛经、佛法。蔡音等人于公元65年，告别帝都，踏上了“西天取经”的万里征途。在大月氏国（今阿富汗境至中亚一带），遇到印度高僧摄摩腾、竺法兰，见到了佛经和释迦牟尼佛白毡像，诚恳邀请二位高僧东赴中国弘法布教。永平十年（公元67年），二位印度高僧应邀和东汉使者一道，用白马驮载佛经、佛像同返国都洛阳。汉明帝见到佛经、佛像，十分高兴，对二位高僧极为礼重，亲自予以接待，并安排他们在当时负责外交事务的官署鸿胪寺暂住。公元68年，汉明帝敕令在洛阳西雍门外三里御道北兴建僧院。为纪念白马驮经之，因此取名“白马寺”。“寺”字即源于鸿胪寺之 “寺”字。再后来“寺”字便成了中国寺院的一种泛称。
洛阳市位于河南省西部、黄河中游南岸。古时称水之北为阳，洛阳地处洛水之北，故称洛阳。洛阳处于北温带，属大陆性气候，春季干旱，夏热多雨，秋季温和，冬季寒冷。年均气温14.86℃，年均降水量578.2毫米。 洛阳是我国七大古都之一，驰名中外的历史文化名城，居“天下之中”，素有“九州腹地”之称。北临嵯峨逶迤的邙岭，南对亘古耸黛的嵩山。
洛阳是中国著名的历史文化名城和重点旅游城市。城市的兴起距今有4千多年的历史，从公元前21世纪中国第一个王朝----夏朝的建立起，先后有13个朝代在此建都。因这里曾墨客骚人云集，故有“诗都”之称，牡丹香气四溢，又有“花都”的美誉。
洛阳市区面积544平方公里，人口100万，市场容量和发展潜力巨大。是以农业机械、矿山机械制造为主的工业城市。手工艺制品有唐三彩、宫灯、仿青铜制品。 景观:龙门石窟、白马寺、关林、古墓博物馆、千唐志斋、白云山、老君山、鸡冠洞、玄奘故里。
There are several Chinese saying: "In heaven, there is paradise. On earth,there are Suzhou and "A very great and noble city... It has 1600 stone bridgesunder which a galley may pass."; "Capital of Silk", , "World of Gardens”;” Bornin Suzhou, live in eat in and die in
Now, Maybe you know the topic of my speech. Yes, I will introduce Suzhou toall of you.
I am living there from my birth. Suzhou is in the province of Jiangsu,China. Suzhou is an ancient city with a long history. Built in 514 BC, Numerouschanges have taken place in Suzhou through its vast history. Yet, in spite ofrepeated devastation, the city is still seated exactly on the original site asit was 2500 years ago, which is indeed an instance rarely found in the unique characteristics of the past are still retained in present-day ou has the remnants of this culture include the remainders of the 2,500 yearold wall and the gate. From which, you can discover the legends of Suzhou andits people. In the course of the history of China, it has been a metropolis ofindustry and commerce in the south-eastern coast of China. Now the city is thefirst of 24 historical and cultural cities, China's key tourist cities, but alsofour key environmental protection cities in China。
Suzhou is conveniently located on the Jinghu Railway linking Shanghai andNanjing, to both of which there is hourly railway service. Suzhou RailwayStation is among the busiest passenger stations in China, having 139 trainsstopping daily. T-Trains only take 45 minutes to Shanghai and an hour and halfto Nanjing.
Suzhou is located in water net, street according to river and then set up,the land-and-water proceeds together; you can find the special appearance of thesmall bridges, flowing water, the old-fashioned houses, the beautiful lakes withundulating hills. All these give Suzhou an image of City on the water. There islittle pollution. Air is fresh and street is clean. Suzhou is famous as a scenictourist city.
The city is renowned for its beautiful stone bridges, pagodas, the classicgardens, silks, lakes, legends and so on, there is so much more! From naturaland man-made heritage to modern creations; from cultural gems to natural oases;from great arts to daily lives, nothing is missed. Suzhou has also been animportant center for China's silk industry, and continues to hold that prominentposition today. You could pay a visit to the silk factories to see how the silkis produced.
There are many of the famous private gardens. However, the city was to seea disaster in 1937 when the Japanese invaded. Many gardens were devastated bythe end of the war. In 1981, this ancient city was listed by the State Councilwhere the protection of historical and cultural heritage as well as naturalscenery should be treated as a priority project. Since then, with suburbaneconomic projects, Suzhou has developed into one of the most prosperous citiesin China. Classical gardens in Suzhou were added to the list of the UNESCO WorldHeritage Sites in 1997 and 20__.
Now, these gardens are together the best of traditional Chinesearchitecture, painting and arts. These Gardens are celebrated for their artisticways of dealing with the spaces between various kinds of architectural form. Itis these pounds(围地鱼塘) that serve to focus the many elements of the garden withina small space. These gardens are fine examples showing how the natural landscapeboth inside and outside could be merged. The gardens are truly wonderful indesign. It is open on all sides to the garden and many other pavilions,rockeries, and winding bridges.
Come on! I urge you to dig a little deeper, and experience classic Suzhou.I believe the city’s fantastic features and classic lifestyle is unmatched inChina. It is worth visiting and experiencing. I wish you can choose the city asyour vacation destination.
“茶叶之都”国际友好城市联盟洛阳市位于河南省西部，地处东经111°8’——112.59’，北纬33°35' ——35°05'之间，位处亚欧大陆桥东段，横跨黄河中游南北两岸，“居天下之中”，素有“九州之腹地”之称。洛阳辖6个区、1个县级市、8个县、:涧西区、西工区、老城区、瀍河回族区、洛龙区、伊滨区、吉利区、偃师市、孟津县、新安县、洛宁县、宜阳县、伊川县、嵩县、栾川县、汝阳县。洛阳下辖经济功能区:伊滨区、洛阳新区(正厅级)、洛阳国家高新技术产业开发区(独立享有管辖权)、国家洛阳经济技术开发区。
【历史沿革】
洛阳，华夏文明发源地之一，中国四大古都之一，世界文化名城，国务院首批历史文化名城，隋唐大运河中心城市，是中国建都时间最长，建都朝代较多的千年帝都。洛阳是河南省第二大城市，华中区域性中心城市，中原经济区副中心城市，黄河沿岸中心城市，中国最佳休闲城市，是一座无愧于国色天香之美誉的牡丹花都。洛阳也是中国的老工业基地之一。
洛阳有着数千年文明史、建城史和建都史，中国古代伏羲、女娲、黄帝、唐尧、虞舜、夏禹等神话，多传于此。从夏朝开始先后有十三个王朝在此定都，有105位帝王在洛阳指点江山。洛阳是我国历史上唯一被命名为“神都”(神州大地之首都)的城市。是我国建都时间最早，时间最长的城市之一。
洛阳历史曾用名或别名，斟鄩、西毫、洛邑、洛师、成周、王城、雒阳、中京、伊洛、河洛、河南、洛州、三川。
洛阳，立河洛之间，居天下之中，既禀中原大地敦厚磅礴之气，也具南国水乡妩媚风流之质。开天辟地之后，三皇五帝以来，洛阳以其天地造化之大美，成为天人共羡之神都。洛阳代表最早的中国，也是最本色的中国、最渊深的中国。
洛阳城，北据邙山，南望伊阙，洛水贯其中，东据虎牢关，西控函谷关，四周群山环绕、雄关林立，因而有“八关都邑”、“山河拱戴，形势甲于天下”之称;而且雄踞“天下之中”，“东压江淮，西挟关陇，北通幽燕，南系荆襄”，人称“八方辐辏”、“九州腹地”、“十省通衢”。所以历朝历代均为诸侯群雄逐鹿中原的皇者必争之地，成为历史上最重要的政治、经济、文化中心。
以洛阳为中心的河洛流域地区是中华文明的发祥地之一。中国古代伏羲、女娲、黄帝、尧、舜、禹等大仙居住于此。同时，洛阳也是中国300多年文明的帝都王城，华夏，中华，中土，中原，中州等称谓均源自于古老的洛阳城和河洛文明。1960年在洛阳偃师“二里头遗址”的上层发现一处规模宏大的宫殿基址。
洛阳共经历十三个建都朝代，累计建都史达千余年。洛阳在历史上曾长期作为我国的政治、经济、文化中心而存在，东汉光武中兴、明章之治、西晋太康之治、北魏孝文改制、武周遗风在这里上演，历代帝王贵胄、文人骚客等均对洛阳的都城地位有着极高评价。周公曰“此天下之中，四方入贡，道里均焉”;汉高祖曰“吾行天下多矣，唯见洛阳”;班固曰“光汉京于诸夏，总八方而为之极”;北魏孝文帝曰“崤函帝宅，河洛王里”;唐太宗曰“崤函称地险，襟带壮两京”;唐玄宗曰“三秦九洛，咸曰帝京”;韦应物说“雄都定鼎地，势据万国尊”;宋太祖曰“吾欲迁洛，以据山河之险而去冗兵，循周汉故事以安天下也”;司马光曰“欲知古今兴废事，请君只看洛阳城”……
洛阳是中华文化的读本和华夏文化从萌芽、成长走向繁荣、壮大的中心和象征。据考证，中国佛教首传于洛阳白马寺。以洛阳学子读书音确定的中原雅音是古代河南的标准话。洛阳是中华姓氏主根、闽南、客家之根。中华民族最早的历史文献“河图洛书”出自洛阳。被奉为“人文之祖”的伏羲氏，根据河图和洛书画成了八卦和九畴。从此，汤、武定九鼎于河洛，周公“制礼作乐”，老子著述文章，孔子入周问礼，洛阳历代科学泰斗、学术流派、鸿生巨儒、翰墨精英，更是照耀史册，灿若繁星。中国传统文化儒、佛、道的产生和发展与洛阳密切相关，中国四大发明与洛阳息息相联。伏羲，作为人文始祖，发现了“河图”与“洛书”，发明了“八卦”，成为中华民族的瑰宝，老子著有《道德经》，苏秦佩六国相印，纵横游说于六国之间，才子贾谊博怀济世文章，班超出使西域，班固修《汉书》，许慎著《说文解字》，司马光编修《资治通鉴》，张衡发明浑天仪、地动仪，蔡伦发明造纸术，虞初的《周说》，陈寿的《三国志》，欧阳修的《新唐书》、《新五代史》等，无一不是在洛阳这块沃土上完成的。程颐、程颢兄弟开创宋代理学，著名的“建安七子”、“竹林七贤”，“金谷二十四友”等云集此地，谱写华彩篇章，左思一篇《三都赋》，曾使“洛阳纸贵”，“洛阳才子”，“汉魏文章半洛阳”。张衡发明地动仪，蔡伦造纸，马钧发明翻车……以洛阳为中心的河洛文化和河洛文明，是中华民族文化的核心和源头，构成了华夏文明的重要组成部分。
1912年，民国建立，废河南府，设河洛道，道尹公署驻洛阳，辖洛阳、偃师等19县。
1923年，河南省长公署迁于洛阳，洛阳成为河南省会。
1932年，日军进攻上海，国民政府定洛阳为行都，并一度迁洛办公。
1938年6月，华北大部分地区沦陷，洛阳成为北方抗日前哨，国民政府第一战区长官司令部驻洛阳。
1939年秋，河南省政府再次迁洛，洛阳第二次成为河南省会。
1948年，洛阳解放，析洛阳县城区置市。洛阳市人民民主政府成立。
1949年12月，洛阳市人民民主政府改称洛阳市人民政府。
1954年，洛阳市升格为河南省直辖市。
1955年，洛阳县撤销，一部分并入洛阳市，其余部分划入偃师、孟津等县。
1956年，建成洛阳市老城区、西工区和郊区，次年成立瀍河区。
1982年，经国务院批准，新成立吉利区。
1983年，新安、孟津、偃师改隶洛阳市，洛阳所辖登封市划归郑州市管辖。
1986年，洛阳地区撤销，洛宁、宜阳、嵩县、栾川、汝阳、伊川改属洛阳市。
1993年，偃师县改为偃师市。
20__年6月，经国务院批准，洛阳郊区更名为洛龙区。
洛阳附近的各县中，跟洛阳历史联系最密切的是偃师、孟津、巩义、登封。其中偃师、孟津从周朝以来三千年如一日，从未改变。其次是巩义，从周朝一直到新中国，也有三千多年。再次是登封，从三国时期到新中国，有1700多年。
【东洛阳西罗马】
洛阳是和罗马并称的世界两大古都，有着东洛阳西罗马之说。罗马帝国时期正是我国的东汉时期，东汉首都洛阳。当时洛阳和罗马同是世界上最强大国家的两个首都。东汉皇帝派大臣班超出使西域，打通了荒废已久的丝绸之路，首次将丝绸之路延伸打通到了欧洲延伸到了罗马。而罗马亦派使臣顺着丝绸之路历史上首次来到了中国，并在东汉京师洛阳觐见了大汉皇帝。洛阳因此成为了丝绸之路的东方起点。这也是我国历史上首次和罗马交往，所以一直有“东洛阳西罗马”的说法。
20__年世界邮展在洛阳举行。期间，大遗址保护洛阳高峰论坛开幕，与此同时，秦汉-罗马文明展也在洛阳拉开帷幕，无数的罗马稀世珍宝不远万里运到洛阳，在为期几天的展览中，让参观者大饱眼福，叹为观止，再一次将昔日世界的两大都市连结起来，续写了西罗马东洛阳的辉煌篇章!
【丝绸之路起点】
东汉时，汉明帝派遣使臣班超出使西域，打通了荒废已久的丝绸之路，且首次将丝绸之路延伸打通到了欧洲，到了当时的罗马帝国。这是现在完整的丝绸之路的路线，即从东汉时洛阳出发，最西端到达当时的欧洲罗马帝国。罗马帝国也首次派遣使臣顺着班超打通的丝绸之路来到东汉，在京师洛阳觐见了大汉皇帝。这是历史上罗马和中国的首次交往。加上罗马帝国的时期和我国的东汉时期刚好在时间上的吻合:东汉(25-220)与西罗马帝国(前30-476)，所以一直以来都有东洛阳西罗马之说，这是历史上分别代表东西方的两大帝国首都。而丝绸之路首次将罗马帝国和中国连结在了一起。 东汉之后，魏晋及隋唐时期，洛阳都是东西方丝绸之路贸易的起点，这个跨度之大，时间之久，意义之大，无与伦比! 国学大师、已逝北京大学教授季羡林先生说:“我不止一次的说，丝绸之路应以洛阳为起点。这是个不刊之论。”
【对日本重大影响】
京都是仿照唐朝时的东西两京洛阳和长安而建，分为左右两大片区，一片叫做长安，一片叫做洛阳，后来由于长安片区一蹶不振，而洛阳片区繁荣似锦，所以后来整个京都都叫洛阳。现在京都有几大区，分别为:洛中、洛东、洛北、洛西等。学校、医院、会社、企业等机构都多以洛阳为前缀。古时候去京都，都叫做上洛或进洛等。这是我国古都对日本产生影响的体现和结果，也是我国对外国城市命名产生的重大影响!
【牡丹花】
洛阳牡丹始于隋，盛于唐，甲天下于宋。 “天下名园重洛阳”，“洛阳牡丹甲天下”，“洛阳地脉花最宜，牡丹尤为天下奇”，“唯有牡丹真国色，花开时节动京。牡丹是我国传统名花，花蕾硕大，色泽艳丽，国色天香，自古就有富贵吉祥、繁荣昌盛的寓意，代表着中华民族泱泱大国之风范,。
牡丹从隋代落户洛阳西苑后，地脉适宜，开得缤纷美丽、艳冠天下。
唐代洛阳是陪都，武则天当皇帝时就在洛阳登基，并在洛阳主持政务。“自唐武则天后，洛阳牡丹始盛。” (宋·欧阳修《洛阳牡丹记》)。从武则天时期到开元年间(公元690年至公元741年)，还有唐贞元、元和年间(公元785年至公元820年)，是中国牡丹史上一个黄金时代，奠定了中国牡丹发展和牡丹文化兴盛的坚实基础。
洛阳市气候概况
洛阳地理条件优越。它位于暖温带南缘向北亚热带过渡地带，属暖温带大陆性季风气候和亚热带季风气候，四季分明，气候宜人。年平均气温约15℃，极端最高气温40.4℃，极端最低气温-20.2℃。降雨量约630毫米，其中南部山区能达到1200毫米以上。东邻郑州，西接三门峡， 北跨黄河与焦作接壤，南与平顶山、南阳相连。东西长约179公里，南北宽约168公里。洛阳地势西高东低。境内山川丘陵交错，地形错综复杂，其中山区45.51%，丘陵40.73%，平原占13.8%，周围有郁山、邙山、青要山、荆紫山、周山、樱山、龙门山、香山、万安山、首阳山、黛眉山、嵩山等十多座山脉;境内河渠密布，分属黄河、淮河、长江三大水系，黄河、洛河、伊河、清河、磁河、铁滦河、涧河、瀍河等10余条河流蜿蜒其间，有“四面环山六水并流、八关都邑、十省通衢”之称。由于洛阳地处中原，山川纵横，西依秦岭，出函谷是关中秦川;东临嵩岳;北靠太行且有黄河之险;南望伏牛，有宛叶之饶，所以“河山拱戴，形势甲于天下”。
Located in the West of Henan Province, Luoyang got its name due to itslocation in the adret of the ancient Luoshui River. It is a historic city withmore than three thousand years history. It was the capital city for ninedynasties, including the East Zhou, East Han, Caowei, West Jin, North Wei, Sui,Wuzhou, Late Liang, Late Tang, so it is named as the "Ancient Capital of theNine Dynasties", ranking top one among the seven ancient capitals in China. TheHeluo area with Luoyang as the center is the important origin of the HuaxiaCivilization. The most prosperous period of Luoyang was in t
LuoYang City Instruction
Luoyang is located in the western part of Henan province, stretching acrossthe middle reaches of the Yellow River. It has jurisdiction over 1 city, 8counties and 6 districts with a total area of 15,208 square kilometers including544 square kilometers of urban area. Its population totals 6.24 million of whichover 1.40 million living in urban areas. As a city famous for its splendidhistory and profound culture, Luoyang has become a shining gem in central partof China for its abundant and characteristic modern civilization.----Luoyang hasbeen known as "an ancient capital of nine dynasties ". It is among the firstcities to be declared by the State Council as the ancient capitals and famoushistorical and cultural cities. Starting from the first dynasty of China---Xia,it served as capital for 13 dynasties---Shang, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou,Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin, Northern Wei, Sui, Tang, etc. It served as acapital for 1,529 years, and thus of the 7 great ancient capitals in China, itwas the first one to have served as the capital for the most numerous dynastiesand for the longest time. Luoyang is one of the important birthplaces of theChinese civilization. Culture in the Yellow River and the Luo River symbolizedby the Pattern of the Yellow River and the Writing of Luoyang is regarded as akey origin of the ancient Chinese civilization. It was here that Taoisminitiated, Confucianism originated. Buddhism first introduced and Li School--aConfucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties Chinese descendants found their roots here and cherished a deep love forthe homeland.----Luoyang is one of the top tourist cities in China with itsnumerous cultural relics dotted everywhere, picturesque landscape and nationalflower-Tree Peony. The city has inherited from history such cultural heritagesas ruins of the old capital, temples and stone caves, and tombs and steles. Ithas 10 national sites, 75 provincial sites, and over 571 municipal sites to beprotected as cultural relics with nearly 400,000 items of relics having beenunearthed and kept in museums. The rare ruins of the capitals from the Xia,Shang, Zhou, Han and Wei, Sui and Tang dynasties are named "Assembly of FiveCapitals ". Longmen Grottoes is one of the three great banks of Chinese stonesculptures that is a World Cultural Heritage. The White Horse Temple is thefirst officially built monastery in China after the introduction of Buddhism. Inthe Mangshan Mountain there remains the largest group of ancient tombs in Chinafeatured by royal tombs, which took form since the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. To thenorth of Luoyang is the Mother River of the Chinese nation---the Yellow Riverthat together with a tourist resorts around the Xiaolangdi Reservoir andWanshanhu tourist area in Xin'an. To the south are spots of interests such asthe Songshan Mountain which is the central one of
the Five High Mountains of China, a national forest park at the BaiyunMountain, Longyu Bay and Huaguo Mountain, a magically shaped Cockscomb KarstCave, and tourist area around Luhun Reservoir. Known as national beauty andheavenly fragrance, peony has been planted for nearly 1,500 years in nd April every year, the peony comes into full bloom, decorating the urbanareas with flooding colors. Especially the Luoyang Peony Festival to be heldevery year, which has become an occasion that attracts millions of tourists bothat home and abroad. A long history, a brilliant accumulation of culture and avariety of beautiful natural scenery all combine to provide Luoyang withexceptional advantages in tourist business. With rich economic resources, strongsci-tech power and concentration of many large enterprises, Luoyang is one ofthe important quicke industrial cities in mid-west part of China. During thefirst Five-Year Plan period, 7 of the 156 key projects in China were set up hereand nowadays it has developed to a new industrial base with 6 pillar industriesin machinery and electronics, petrochemistry, metallurgy, building materials,textile, and foodstuff. Large-sized enterprise groups appear such as LuoyangPetrochemistry General Factory, the China first Tractor Group, Luoyang BallBearing (Group) Corporation, Luoyang Bronze Processing Factory, Luoyang FloatGlass Group and these enterprises are fairly strong in their competitiveness inboth international and domestic markets in their respective fields. Luoyangenjoys an apparent advantage in science and technology. It seats 14 scientificresearch institutions attached to various ministries of the State, and 18backbone institutions of the province and the city. 1,972 out of every 10,000employees are professionals, which is a proportion above the national institutions are leading the nation in testing and research, presenting newprojects and products in such high-tech fields as new materials, aviation andaerospace, electronics information, and integration of machinery andelectronics. New & High-tech Industry Development Zone has become a base fortransforming traditional industries with new technology and a window open to theoutside world.----In recent years, Luoyang has grasped the opportunity of westdevelopment and pro-active fiscal policy of the State, deepened the reform andned the development. In 20__, a GNP reached 46.57 billion Yuan and the localrevenue exceeded 2.42 billion Yuan. The rural economy has seen stabledevelopment, the reform of the state-owned enterprises and readjustment ofindustrial structure have been deepened, and rising industries such aspetrochemistry, electrolyzed aluminum, coal and electronic information have beendeveloping rapidly. Focusing on to develop the southern new developing zone, wewill speed up the infrastructure and comprehensive management with contents of "Greenness, brightness, cleanness, prettiness and smoothness ". The urbaninfrastructure and management ability has further improved, as a result of whichin 20__ it has passed appraisai of the country being a Garden and Forest Cityand has been enlisted as Top Tourist City of China. Environment for tourism hasbeen improved greatly. In 20__ the city received 106,000 tourists from abroad,12.31 million tourists at home with total tourism income of 6 billion Yuan. Thestrategy of achieving development through reform has been implemented activelyand friendly ties and exchanges with foreign countries and regions have beenstrengthened. And by the strategy of
rejuvenating Luoyang through science and education, various socialundertakings have been making progress. Social security system has beenperfected, peoples living standard upgraded and buildind of spiritualcivilization and rule of law further promoted.----At present Luoyang is facingfavorable development opportunities and conditions. Completion of several keyprojects such as key water control project at Xiaolangdi, the chemical fiber,laid a solid foundation foundation for city’s development in the new century. Inyears to come, Luoyang will implement the policy to build up our city into astrength city in industry and tourism, further improve strategic readjustment ineconomic structure. Efforts will be made to speed up upgrading and perfection oftraditional industries and growth of rising industries, to actively developnon-state-owned economy and to constantly increase both quality and benefits ofthe economic growth. Given primary construction to high-standard planning andhigh--quality in infrastructure construction, the city will quicken urbandevelopment, further improve its environment quality and cultural connotationand speed up process of urbanization, thus developing tourism as an importantbackbone industry, Construction on culture, democracy and rule of law will beactively enhanced. It is hoped that through endeavors in the 10th Five-Year Planperiod, the goal of developing Luoyang into a modern industrial city equippedwith advanced science and education, and an international city backed by richhistorical culture.----"If you want to know the rises and falls in China, pleasejust look at the city of Luoyang. " We warmly welcome people from all over theworld to come to Luoyang to go on sightseeing and make friends, to search forroots, to build industry and business, to pursue joint development with us, andto reconstruct the splendor of the ancient capital
