Jingzhou Ancient City is also known as Jiangling city. It is one of thefamous historical and cultural cities in China. It is adjacent to Shashi in theSouth and the Yangtze River. The city wall hovers in the light and color of thelake, undulating according to the terrain, winding along the lake and extendinglike a dragon. The majestic ancient city has a history of more than 20__ e the Qin and Han Dynasties, it has a towering outline. After five dynastiesand Ten Kingdoms, it began to build a brick city, which was destroyed andrepaired in song, yuan and Ming Dynasties. The well preserved ancient city wallwas built by Yiming city wall in 1646 ad. in recent years, many new scenic spotshave been built inside and outside the wall.
We all know the story of Liu Bei crying in Jingzhou and Guan Gong losingJingzhou in romance of the Three Kingdoms. This is "a place for militarystrategists." Jingzhou, the capital of China. This famous cultural city islocated in the west of the vast and rich Jianghan Plain. In the Han Dynasty, thewhole country was divided into 36 states, which got its name because of Jingshanin the north. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, several emperors built theircapitals here, making this city an important place for the successive dynastiesto garrison troops and set up their Offices.
Jingzhou City, located in the meeting of the rivers and lakes, is a hubconnecting the water and land transportation in the southeast, northwest andnorthwest. It has fertile land, mild climate and rich specialties. It was alsoone of the important commercial centers in China. In the Western Han Dynasty, itranked first among the five southern counties.
Jingzhou is one of the nine prefectures (Ji, Gung, Qing, Yang, Jing, Yu,Liang, Yong) established by Dayu in ancient times when he controlled the got its name from Jingshan in that time. After the Three Kingdoms period,Jingzhou City has always been a place of governance at the state and countylevel, and some even established their capital here.
The ancient city of Jingzhou is divided into three layers, water cityoutside, brick city in the middle and earth city inside. It is said that inorder to prevent the foundation of the city from sinking and flooding, glutinousrice slurry was poured into the stone crevice at the foot of the right city, sothe city wall was particularly strong. It is said that Guan Yunchang, thegeneral of Shu in the Three Kingdoms, was guarding Jingzhou when nine fairiescame down to earth. It's said that Jingzhou's swordsmen have moved too much, sothey should be taken back and placed in God's land, and no mortals are allowedto fight for them. Guan Gong was loyal to his brother and refused to letJingzhou, so he thought of a plan, saying: "you are in the northwest, I am inthe southeast, each building a city, the city is a thousand steps on Friday, itstarts at dark, the crowing of chickens stops, who builds first, who managesthis place. The nine fairies used their clothes to cover the earth, and GuanGong cut reeds to build the city. Guangong city is just a corner away from thenine fairies City, and the chickens are not crowing yet. Guan Gong vibrates thechicken cage and the reed mat, the rooster crows, and the nine fairies go toheaven in shame. This is the origin of jiunvzhuo outside the north gate ofJingzhou City. It's also said that Zhang Fei also carried the earth to help hissecond brother build the city. But when he came late, he dumped the earthoutside the east gate. Nowadays, people call these two hills like Earth "ZhangFei Yidan earth". These are all myths and legends. However, in order to guardagainst the eastern Wu Dynasty, Guan Gong built a new city next to the old cityin the Han Dynasty, which has historical records.
Ten li north of Jingzhou is the site of the largest city in southern Chinaduring the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period. The state of Chuhad 20 kings who built their capitals here in 411. The ancient city is rich inChu culture on the ground, underground, inside and outside the city. You caneasily find tiles and pottery from more than 20__ years ago here.
In the ancient city of Jingzhou, there are some historical sites related tothe Three Kingdoms, such as the big iron pot and manger for Guan Gong's March,and the throwing armour mountain for Lu Meng's troops when he attacked ide the city, there are many sites related to the legend of Guanyu of theThree Kingdoms in Baling mountain. We stepped down from luomaotai at the southend of Baling mountain, headed for the mountain, passed through layers of pineforest, and came to Guangong pianquan. According to the inscription beside thespring, "when Liu Xian was trapped in Dangyang, Guan Gong led his teacher tosave him. Through this way, people and horses were trapped, and a sense ofloyalty and righteousness gushed out. It has been recited to this day." Now, thewater of this spring is either for the tea pavilion to make tea for tourists, orfor the winery to make wine for guests.
With a long history, Jingzhou has left innumerable antiquities. Now thereare more than 3000 preserved in Jingzhou Museum. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, isfamous for his work. His sword was unearthed in the north of Jingzhou in e are eight characters on the sword: "King Gou Jian of Yue, self actingsword". The sword body is full of diamond pattern, inlaid with tricolor glassand turquoise. The blade is extremely sharp. It can still blow hair and cut ironlike mud.
Due to the reason of going to school, I came to this ancient city. AlthoughJingzhou can't compare with the big cities like Beijing and Shanghai, it has itsunique charm. In Jingzhou, the most common one is its ancient city wall. Thereare seven gates, and the whole city is surrounded by the city wall. In March,spring flowers bloom, riding bicycles together, facing the warm spring breeze,leaving our youth at the foot of the city wall, Also leave us good memories!
Jingzhou also has many famous scenic spots: Peach Blossom Island, JingzhouYangtze River Swan Island Baiji National Nature Reserve, longevity pagoda,spring and Autumn Pavilion, Jinfeng take-off, Three Kingdoms Park, JingzhouMuseum and so on. Now is a good time to go to Taohua village. Enjoying farm foodand watching peach blossoms, I feel very happy. Far away from the noise of thecity, I feel like I have come to a paradise!
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!
Today we will visit the famous ancient city of Jingzhou.
"Hearing about the Three Kingdoms, I want to go to Jingzhou every time." you mention Jingzhou, you will naturally think of the famous stories of theThree Kingdoms in the romance of the Three Kingdoms, such as Liu Bei's borrowingJingzhou, Lu Su's attacking Jingzhou, Lu Meng's attacking Jingzhou, and GuanYu's losing Jingzhou. Of the 120 chapters of the romance of the Three Kingdoms,72 chapters involve Jingzhou. For thousands of years, there has been an endlessstream of people who have come to Jingzhou to inquire about the history of theThree Kingdoms. As your on-the-spot tour guide, I am very honored to take thisopportunity to show you the historical picture of the evolution and developmentof Jingzhou Ancient City over the past two thousand years.
We are now at the east gate of Jingzhou City. The river tens of meters widein front of you is the moat. During the war, it was a natural barrier againstthe enemy's attack. Now, on this river, a grand International Dragon BoatInvitational race is held every year. Before entering the city, let me firstintroduce the historical background of the ancient city of Jingzhou.
Jingzhou City, also known as Jiangling city. At present, Jingzhou is themost complete ancient city in southern China, and it is also one of the 24famous historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council in 1982. In1996, Jingzhou Ancient City Wall was announced as a national key cultural relicsprotection unit by the State Council. In 20__, Jingzhou City, with JingzhouAncient City as the center, was named as China's excellent tourist city by theNational Tourism Administration.
Looking back on the history of Jingzhou, we can say that it is closelyconnected with the 5000 year history of Chinese civilization. As we all know,the Chinese nation is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. After the YellowEmperor and the Yan Emperor's tribes merged and unified China, Jingzhou was oneof the ancient Kyushu.
The name of "Jingzhou" can be found in the book "Shangshu? Yugong" in theWarring States period, which states that "Jingzhou and Hengyang only exist inJingzhou". At that time, the area of Jingzhou was very large, and the state ofChu in the spring and autumn and Warring States period rose in rding to historical records, in the eighth year of King Zhouzhuang (689 BC),King Wen of Chu moved the capital city to Ji'nan City, which is five kilometersnorth of Jingzhou. The state of Chu established its capital here for 411 experienced 20 kings before and after that, creating a Chu culture that is asimportant as the Central Plains culture in the Yellow River Valley, andcomparable to the ancient Greek and Roman culture. It is said that during thereign of King Cheng of Chu (671-525 B.C.), in order to enjoy the beautifulscenery of the Yangtze River, he built many palaces and palace boat docks inJingzhou City, which are the rudiments of today's Jingzhou City. In the 29thyear of King Zhao of Qin Dynasty (278 BC), Bai Qi, a famous general of Qinstate, led his troops to attack the state of Chu and occupied the area betweenJianghan and Han. Then Qin established Nanjun in the capital of Chu, which wasone of the 36 counties in China at that time. Later, the Qin Dynasty establishedJiangling County in today's Jingzhou City, which is called "Jiangling" becauseit is close to the river and there are no mountains near the state. In 106 BC,Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established the Department of Cishi in Jingzhou,one of the thirteen prefectures in China. Since then, Jingzhou has become thename of administrative division.
Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Jingzhou has become an important place forthe successive dynasties to establish their own government. It has always been aplace of governance at the state and county level, and some dynasties evenestablished their capitals and states here. During the Three Kingdoms period,this place was an important place for hegemony. Sun and Liu united to defeatCao's army in the first battle of Chibi, so Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou from SunQuan the next year and developed the power of Shu on this basis. Since then,Emperor an in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Qihe, Emperor Liangyuan andEmperor houliangxuan in the Southern Dynasty, King Houliang in the Sui Dynasty,and King Nanping in the late Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, essively, there have been 11 disputed princes who claimed to be emperors(kings) and established their capitals here for more than 100 years. In TangDynasty, Jingzhou was the auxiliary capital, called "Nanjun", which echoed thenorth and south of Chang'an city. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty,Jiangling mansion was set up here. In the early Yuan Dynasty, Jiangling mansionwas changed to Shanglu mansion. In the early Ming Dynasty, Jingzhou Prefecturewas established. In Qing Dynasty, the system of Ming Dynasty was adopted. In theRepublic of China, Jingzhou was the fourth administrative capital of HubeiProvince. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Jingzhou Citywas the seat of Jingzhou regional Commissioner Office and Jiangling CountyPeople's government. In 1994, the former Jingzhou area and Shashi City merged toform Jingsha City, which was renamed Jingzhou City in 1997. Jingzhou City is theseat of Jingzhou District of six counties and two districts of JingzhouCity.
Jingzhou City is located in the middle of the world. The meeting of therivers and lakes has always been a place for military strategists. Zhuge Liangonce said, "Jingzhou is a country of military use, which is based on the HanDynasty and Mianyang in the north, the South China Sea in the East, Wu and Huiin the East, and Ba and Shu in the West.". Li Gu, the prime minister famous forhis uprightness and loyalty in the Han Dynasty, Guan Yu, Zhou Yu, Lu Meng and LuXun, the famous generals of the Three Kingdoms, and Ma taokan, the great masterof literature and martial arts in the Jin Dynasty, once guarded Jingzhou; XieLingyun and Bao Zhao, the poets of Jin Dynasty, Zhang Jiuling and ZhangCambodian, the Kaiming prime ministers of Tang Dynasty, Han Yu and Yuan Zhen,the great literary scholars, and Wang Anshi, the great statesman of SongDynasty, have also held different positions in Jingzhou. In addition, many majorpeasant uprisings in the past dynasties also took Jingzhou as an importanttarget, such as Wang Kuang and Wang Feng in the late Western Han Dynasty, HuangChao in the late Tang Dynasty, Chen Youliang in the late Yuan Dynasty, LiZicheng and Zhang Xianzhong in the late Ming Dynasty.
In addition to being a military important place, the economy and culture ofancient Jingzhou City were also very active and prosperous. Due to itsconvenient transportation, fertile land, mild climate and rich products, it hasdeveloped into one of the top ten commercial centers in China as early as theWestern Han Dynasty, ranking first among the five southern counties. In thenorthern and Southern Dynasties, it became "the first city in the middle reachesof the Yangtze River", as well as Yangzhou, a famous commercial city in thelower reaches of the Yangtze River. Although it was once destroyed in the war inthe Western Wei Dynasty, it gradually returned to prosperity in the middle TangDynasty, and its scale was about ten times as large as before. Therefore,Jingzhou City was regarded as the "companion capital" at that time, and was alsoknown as Chang'an and Luoyang.
Jingzhou is the center of Chu culture, the music and dance nation of"Chutian" and enjoys the reputation of "only Chu has talent". For thousands ofyears, the culture here has been prosperous and talents have come forth in largenumbers, including Qu Yuan, a famous patriotic poet of Chu state, cen Shen, afamous frontier poet of Tang Dynasty, and Zhu LAN, a "xiaowanjuan" of SongDynasty. In the political arena, the prime ministers coming out of Jingzhouinclude Liu Wei and Duan Wenchang of Tang Dynasty, CEN Zhiben, cen Changqing andCen Xi. The most famous prime minister is Zhang Juzheng of Ming Dynasty. Headvocated abolishing bad politics and developing economy. He played a positiverole at that time and was respected by later generations. At the same time, thebeautiful natural scenery and profound cultural heritage of Jingzhou City havealso attracted many well-known scholars of all ages to visit, sing poems andmeet friends, Sima Qian of Han Dynasty, Wang can and Tao Yuanming of Wei, Jin,southern and Northern Dynasties, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi,Li Shangyin and Du Mu of Tang Dynasty, Su Shi and Lu You of Song Dynasty, YuanHongdao and Wang Shizhen of Ming and Qing Dynasty He has visited Jingzhou Cityand left a large number of excellent poems and essays, among which the mostfamous one is the quatrains in Li Bai's poem xiajiangling, which says "when theemperor leaves the White Emperor, the Jiangling will return in a day".
Well, having said so much, we must have a better understanding of the pastof Jingzhou Ancient City. Now let's go to see what Jingzhou City looks se follow me along the sidewalk on the right side to the city. On the leftside is the horse road. If you pay attention to it, you will find that there areinscriptions on the bricks of the horse road. These are the preciousinscriptions on the walls of the ancient city of Jingzhou. They record the longhistory of the construction of Jingzhou city wall and reflect the changes of theadministrative areas under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou It is of great value tothe study of history.
It is said that in the Han Dynasty, Jingzhou had a regular city wall. After12 times of maintenance and expansion, the city became more solid andmagnificent, including Guan Yu, the general of Shu, Zhu ran, the general of Wu,Huan Wen, the governor of Jingzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Liang rding to historical records, the first brick wall of Jingzhou was built inthe period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. In 912 ad, Gao Jixing, the Jieduenvoy of Southern Jingzhou, used more than 100000 soldiers and civilians tooverhaul the brick wall of Jingzhou for the purpose of seizing Jingzhou as aking. If there were not enough bricks to build the city, he ordered to dig outtomb bricks everywhere, and all the tombs within 50 Li were excavated. It issaid that after the completion of the city wall, countless phosphorescent lightswill appear on the wall every night, which looks like "ghost fire" and makespeople creepy. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the city wall wasdestroyed because of the "Jingkang" war. In the Southern Song Dynasty, in orderto appease Shi Zhaoxiong and strengthen the defense of Jingzhou, Emperorshangzou Chunxi approved the construction of the brick wall in 1187. Within 11months, the brick wall was rebuilt, and more than 1000 Battle Towers were builton the wall. This time, the bricks were "special city bricks" ordered by thegovernment. There was an inscription on the bricks, but there was no record ofthe year. Later, Yuanbing captured Jingzhou City, and Kublai Khan ordered thatthe city wall be demolished. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, ZhuYuanzhang restored the foundation again and excavated moats around the city. Atthe end of Ming Dynasty, after Zhang Xianzhong led the peasant uprising army toattack Jingzhou City, the city wall was demolished by the angry l the third year of Shunzhi (1646 AD), the city wall was built on the oldfoundation for the third time, which is the ancient city wall of Jingzhou. Theconstruction of the city is very strong. In order to prevent the city wall fromsinking due to water erosion, all the footings of the city wall are built withstone barriers, and the walls are filled with lime and glutinous rice ough the city wall was destroyed three times and built three times, andafter more than 300 years of cold and heat in spring and autumn, it is still ingood condition. After the founding of new China, the state and local governmentshave focused on the protection of the ancient city of Jingzhou. They havetransformed, renovated, repaired and expanded the city and its surroundingenvironment, built the inner ring road and the outer ring road, dredged andmanaged the moat, and built Fenghuang square and Tianwen square outside the eastgate and the new north gate respectively, making the ancient city of Jingzhoumore beautiful, magnificent and spectacular The old and fresh face of JingzhouCity seen by heaven.
In addition, according to experts' research, so far, the earliest characterbrick with year number found on Jingzhou City Wall was found in the second yearof Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369 A.D.), which has a history of more than 600years. This brick is 207 years earlier than the character brick of Wanli yearfound on the Great Wall reported by Xinhua news agency. What's more amazing isthat according to the records of the written bricks, these bricks were not onlyfrom Jianghan Plain, but also from other places in the province and other placesoutside the province, such as Hunan, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, etc., which shows thehuge scale of the city building project at that time. Ancient city building alsoreflects the idea of quality management. The detailed or simple responsibilityinscriptions left by the construction or maintenance of the city walls in thepast dynasties are actually a kind of public responsibility. In addition torecording the time and place of brick making, there are also detailedinscriptions on the supervisor, brick maker, kiln maker, brick making expenses,the name of the undertaker and the local officials in charge. It can be seenthat during the construction of Jingzhou city wall at that time, the practice of"mobilizing the whole people, working from top to bottom, clear division oflabor, and responsibility to people" was adopted. The reason why Jingzhou hasbeen known as "the iron Jingzhou" in ancient times is inseparable from this"responsibility system". This is what we need to learn from the sages today.
If you observe these character bricks carefully, you will find that thereare both yin and Yang inscriptions, and both yin and Yang inscriptions in theway of writing; there are both running script and regular script in the way ofcalligraphy; there are both traditional and simplified characters in the way ofwriting. Therefore, these character bricks have important artistic researchvalue, which is worthy of further development and utilization.
Now, we have boarded the East Gate Tower, looking out from the fence, andthinking about Guan Yu's years, when she was young and bearded, holding thegreen dragon Yanyue sword, did you also have a strong heart to experience thepride of "one man is in charge of the pass, ten thousand men are not allowed toopen it"?
From the aerial view, Jingzhou City Wall is like a swimming dragon,stretching in the lake and marsh, in an irregular oval shape. The whole citywall is 3.75 km long from east to west, 1.2 km wide from north to south, 10.5 kmin circumference, and covers an area of 4.5 square kilometers. The wall is 8.83meters high, the top is 3 to 5 meters wide, and the base is about 10 meterswide. There are 4567 battlements, 26 fortresses and 4 Zang Bing Dong on thewall. These are the ancient war defense attack tools.
There are six gates in the ancient city of Jingzhou, two in the northeastand one in the southwest. The name of the east gate is Yin bin gate, the name ofthe small east gate is gong'an gate, the name of the big north gate is Gong Jigate, also known as Liu gate, the name of the small north gate is Yuan'an gate,the name of the south gate is Nan Ji gate, and the name of the west gate is anLAN gate. The name of each gate has something to do with the geography, historyand customs of Jingzhou. For example, Xiaodongmen, Liu Bei changed youjiangkouto gong'an, married Mrs. sun and went back to Jingzhou by boat. At this gate, hegot off the boat and landed in Jingzhou City, so it was named gong'an; Anotherexample is the Great North gate. In ancient times, there was a road leading toKyoto in the north of the city. When officials moved and transferred, they allwent out of this gate. When officials and friends saw each other off, they brokethe willows and gave them away. Therefore, it is also called liumen. Accordingto historical records, since the Han Dynasty, it has become a custom forrelatives and friends to give each other a gift when they leave. The reason isthat "Liu" is the homonym of "Liu", and "Liu" means "retention" and "nostalgia" addition to the small east gate, the other five gates all have a gate, whichis a double gate. There is an urn between the two gates. Each double gate isequipped with a wooden opposite door, and there is a 10 cm thick gate inside thewooden gate to prevent water damage. In addition, there were gate towers on thesix gates. The East Gate Tower was called Binyang tower, the small East GateTower was called Wangjiang tower, the big north gate tower was called Jinglongtower, the small North Gate Tower was called Chaozong tower, the South GateTower was called Qujiang tower, and the west gate tower was called Jiuyangtower. Due to the change of dynasties, historical changes, and the destructionof war, the original gate tower except Jinglong tower on the big north gate wasin the 18th year of Daoguang reign of Qing Dynasty( That is, in 1838 A.D., itwas rebuilt and preserved until now. The Binyang building in the east gate,where we are now, was rebuilt in the 1980s with funds from the state in order todevelop Jingzhou tourism, repair and protect the ancient city of Jingzhou.
There are also some historical sites scattered around Jingzhou, which arealso places worth visiting. For example, Kaiyuan Temple, Xuanmiao temple, tienutemple, Confucian temple, Guandi Temple inside the city, Taihui temple outsidethe city, Guangong dianjiangtai, zhangfei yidantu and so on. In addition to thecity wall and these historical relics, it is difficult to see ancient buildingsin Jingzhou City, instead of rows of tall buildings large building. As time goeson, the streets and alleys in Jingzhou City in the past have been replaced bywide roads, forming a crisscross and orderly road network. In order to meet theneeds of modern means of transportation, three new city gates suitable forpublic transport have been built on the walls of the East, South and North,making the city gate of Jingzhou today nine. The ancient city of Jingzhou isfull of modern atmosphere. The commercial atmosphere is very strong. Thelarge-scale shopping malls include Jingzhou shopping mall, Jingzhou departmentstore, Jingzhou Hualian Shopping Mall, Jingzhou Chutian building, etc. there areall kinds of goods in these shopping malls. If you want to buy some localproducts of Jingzhou and take them home as souvenirs or gifts to your relativesand friends, I can introduce Jingzhou scenery here Here you are. Please listencarefully: in juzhenyuan, an old hotel with a history of 100 years, you can buyauthentic Jiangling eight treasures rice; in Jingzhou department store, you canbuy delicious Jiangling nine yellow cakes; in Jingzhou silk factory, you can buydesirable brocade satin, antique silk and other silk products; in Jingzhou artsand crafts factory, you can also buy various kinds of antique Lacquerware
Well, here is the information about the ancient city of Jingzhou. Now giveyou a quarter of an hour to move freely. You can take photos here.
Jingzhou Ancient City, located in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, is ahistoric site. It has four old city gates in the southeast and northwest and anew south gate. There are Xuanmiao temple, Guandi temple and tienu temple in thecity. The ancient city of Jingzhou was built in the spring and Autumn period andthe Warring States period. It used to be the official ship wharf and the Zhupalace of the state of Chu. Later, it became the administrative office ofJiangling County, and the original city outline appeared. As one of thebirthplaces of Chu culture, a large number of precious cultural relics have beenunearthed around the ancient city of Jingzhou. Among the national treasures arethe ancient corpses of the Western Han Dynasty, the silk of the Warring Statesperiod, and the sword of King Goujian of Yue. The ancient city of Jingzhou has along history. It is not only praised by Liu Yuxi, Li Bai, Zhang Jiuling andothers, but also remembered by Jingjiang Ma ya, Xueli Cangfeng and Yugao.
Jingzhou is located in the central and southern part of Hubei le often say that the common saying "careless lost Jingzhou" comes fromhere. Jingzhou is one of the first batch of national famous historical andcultural cities announced by the State Council. It has many places of interest,among which the most famous is the ancient city of Jingzhou. It has four oldcity gates in southeast, northwest and a new south gate. There are Xuanmiaotemple, Guandi temple and tienv temple in the city. In Jingzhou, many historicsites are related to the story of the Three Kingdoms. Ji'nan City, 5 kilometersto the north of the city, is the capital of Chu in the spring and Autumn periodand Warring States period, and is well preserved. Jingzhou is located at 111 °150-114 ° 050 E and 29 ° 260-31 ° 370 n. Located in the central and southernpart of Hubei Province, the hinterland of Jianghan Plain, the Yangtze Rivertraverses the city from west to East, with a total length of 483 km. Jingzhou isadjacent to Wuhan in the East, Yichang in the west, Changde in Hunan in thesouth, Jingmen and Xiangfan in the north. The total area is 14100 squarekilometers, 78.7% of which is plain Lake area and 21.1% is hilly and lowmountain area. The city governs Jingzhou and Shashi districts and Jiangling,Gongan and Jianli counties, and manages Songzi, Shishou and Honghu. It has 119townships, 18 sub district offices, 3398 Village (neighborhood) committees and24835 villager groups.
Jingzhou Municipal government attaches great importance to the culturalrelics protection and environmental improvement of Jingzhou city wall, and hasraised a total of 130 million yuan for the demolition of about 300000 squaremeters of illegal buildings within the protection scope of Jingzhou city wall,the construction of inner and outer ring roads, the drainage of moats, sewagetreatment and the improvement of surrounding environment. Since 20__, we havebeen working on the declaration of world cultural heritage. In 20__, Hubeiprovincial government officially submitted the "preliminary list of worldcultural heritage" to the State Administration of cultural relics. In January20__, the State Administration of cultural relics agreed to include the Jingzhoucity wall and the four Ming and Qing city walls of Xi'an, Nanjing and Xingchengin the "China world cultural heritage preliminary list".
This famous cultural city is located in the west of the vast and richJianghan Plain. In the Han Dynasty, the whole country was divided into 36states, named after Jingshan in the north. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty,several emperors built their capitals here, making this city an important placefor the successive dynasties to garrison troops and set up their offices.
The ancient city of Jingzhou is divided into three layers, water cityoutside, brick city in the middle and earth city inside. It is said that inorder to prevent the foundation of the city from sinking and flooding, glutinousrice slurry was poured into the stone crevice at the foot of the right city, sothe city wall was particularly strong. It is said that Guan Yunchang, thegeneral of Shu in the Three Kingdoms, was guarding Jingzhou when nine fairiescame down to earth. It's said that Jingzhou's swordsmen have moved too much, sothey should be taken back and placed in God's land, and no mortals are allowedto fight for them. Guan Gong was loyal to his brother and refused to letJingzhou, so he thought of a plan, saying: "you are in the northwest, I am inthe southeast, each building a city, the city is a thousand steps on Friday, itstarts at dark, the crowing of chickens stops, who builds first, who managesthis place. The nine fairies used their clothes to cover the earth, and GuanGong cut reeds to build the city. Guangong city is just a corner away from thenine fairies City, and the chickens are not crowing yet. Guan Gong vibrates thechicken cage and the reed mat, the rooster crows, and the nine fairies go toheaven in shame. This is the origin of jiunvzhuo outside the north gate ofJingzhou City. It's also said that Zhang Fei also carried the earth to help hissecond brother build the city. But when he came late, he dumped the earthoutside the east gate. Nowadays, people call these two hills like Earth "ZhangFei Yidan earth". These are all myths and legends. However, in order to guardagainst the eastern Wu Dynasty, Guan Gong built a new city next to the old cityin the Han Dynasty, which has historical records. Anyone who has read theromance of the Three Kingdoms knows the story of Liu Bei's false cry forJingzhou and Guan Gong's careless loss of Jingzhou. Our first stop was "a placefor military strategists." Jingzhou, the capital of China.
Jingzhou is located in the central and southern part of Hubei Province andthe hinterland of Jianghan Plain. It looks to Wuhan, the capital of HubeiProvince, to the East, the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River to the west,Changde, Yueyang and Yiyang of Hunan Province to the south, and Jingmen to thenorth. It governs Jingzhou and Shashi districts, Gongan, Jianli and Jianglingcounties, and Songzi, Honghu and Shishou cities. It has a total land area of 483square kilometers and a total population of 6.3 million.
Jingzhou City was formed as early as 4000 years ago in the Xia Dynasty. Itwas one of the nine prefectures established by Dayu to control the use it had a large jurisdiction, including Hubei, Hunan, the border betweenGuangdong and Guangxi and Nanyang Basin in Henan Province. It also relied on theJingshan mountain in the West of Nanzhang County in Hubei Province. At thattime, the ancients defined it as Jingzhou according to the custom of determiningplace names by mountains and rivers. The characteristic of this city is one cityand two names, both Jingzhou City and Jiangling city. The origin of Jianglingcity is that Jiangling County was founded more than 2600 years ago. The wordJiangling means "there are no mountains in the distance, and all lingbu arenearby", that is, there are no mountains in the distance, but hills and waterare nearby. The poem "a thousand li Jiangling is returned in one day" refers tothis city.
Now we are located in Shashi District of Jingzhou City. I don't know if anyof you have ever been to Shashi. Shashi used to be a light industrial city,especially the textile industry is relatively developed, and there are severalfamous enterprises, such as huoli28. I think you all know that. In addition,Shashi was not called Shashi when it was first. It was called Shashi becausethere were so many stones here. It turned out to be a busy Wharf on the YangtzeRiver. As early as 1895, the Qing government signed the Treaty of Shimonosekiwith Britain, which included the opening of five trading ports on the YangtzeRiver. Shashi was one of the five trading ports.
Jingzhou is the birthplace of Chu culture, the ancient battlefield of theThree Kingdoms, and the center of the revolutionary base of Western Hunan andHubei. It is one of the 24 famous historical and cultural cities announced bythe State Council in the first batch. It is located in the Three Gorges tourismline, the ancient Three Kingdoms tourism line, and the Chu culture tourism has a lot of people, culture and scenery, and historical sites all over thecity. At present, there are 5 national key cultural relics protection units:Jigong Mountain There are 32 provincial-level key cultural relics protectionunits and more than 500 municipal (county) level key cultural relics protectionunits. Jingzhou has been a place for military strategists since ancient ng the Three Kingdoms period, Wei, Shu and Wu not only left many movingstories such as "Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou" and "Guan Yu lost Jingzhou" but alsoleft a large number of sites of the Three Kingdoms. They mainly includeJiangling's Guangong dianjiangtai and mapaoquan, Honghu's caocaowan and Wulinvillage, Jianli's zilonggang and Huarong Road, Shishou's Xiulin town andliulangpu, Gongan's Madame Sun City, etc. Jingzhou City has a well preservedancient city wall. After more than 1800 years, the ancient appearance stillexists. The scale of the existing city is so large and well preserved that it isthe only one I have ever visited in the south, and it is also rare in the wholecountry. There are Kaiyuan Temple and Xuanmiao temple built in Tang Dynasty,Taihui temple built in Ming Dynasty, Confucian temple, Guan temple and tienutemple built in Qing Dynasty. According to archaeological findings, Jingzhou wasthe place where primitive human beings lived as early as 5000 years ago. JigongMountain in the north of the city is a Paleolithic site from 50000 to 200000years ago. 5、 Six thousand years ago, human beings created splendid Qujialingculture and Shijiahe culture in Jingzhou. During the spring and Autumn periodand the Warring States period, bronze smelting technology, cast iron forgingtechnology, silk embroidery technology and lacquerware technology were all atthe leading level in the world; Lao Zhuang philosophy, Chu Ci literature, musicand dance also ascended the palace of ancient world civilization. There are fiveChu city sites, 83 Chu cultural sites and more than 800 large-scale ancienttombs in and around Ji Nancheng, the former capital of Chu, including 18 tombsof Chu kings. During the period of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang said thatJingzhou "occupied Han Mian in the north, benefited the South China Sea as muchas possible, connected wuhui in the East, and connected Bashu in the West Manystatesmen and militarists of Wei, Shu and Wu fought for wisdom and couragearound Jingzhou, leaving numerous popular stories and many victories of theThree Kingdoms.
Since ancient times, Jingzhou has been known as "only Chu has talent". QuYuan, one of the four famous historical and cultural figures in the world, onceworked here for more than 20 years. Qu Yuan is one of the four culturalcelebrities in the world. He is also an outstanding writer in our country. He isalso the first great patriotic poet and a great statesman, thinker, diplomat andreformer. Qu Yuan, whose name is Ping, has the original character, also known asregular. "Regular" means "flat", according to the law of heaven: "Lingjun" means"Yuan", according to the law of earth. During the Warring States period, Chupeople, the hometown of Hanshou canggang. He was born on the 7th day of thefirst month of 340 B.C. and died on the 5th day of may in 278 B.C. at the age of62. After Xiong Tong, the king of Wu of Chu, Qu Yuan was the first Dawang familyin the state of Chu (Zhao, Qu and Jing). King Wu enfeoffed his second son "Xia"in Qu's place, which is today's Hanshou situation. "Xia" took "Qu" as his schoolname, and later became "Qu" surname. It has a history of more than 500 yearsfrom "flaw" to Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan's grandfather, Qu Yiji, was a Sima in the reignof Emperor Xuan, and "Mo Ao" in the reign of emperor Wei. He was a great generalwho shocked the princes. Qu Yuan's father, Qu Gai, whose name was Boyong, was agreat general who commanded the most elite "Shenxi" division of Chu.
As a child, Qu Yuan entered gonghou Zidi school. He was intelligent, neverforgetting, and studied hard day and night. He accumulated a lot of knowledgeabout literature, history, mythology and astronomy. In addition, his parents hadstrict education, so he was recognized as the best of the royal family,
When Qu Yuan was a young man, he was clear about governance and skillful inlanguage. He was a descendant of King Wu, and King Huai valued him very he was about 18 years old, he was elected to the royal family. When he was20 years old, he was ordered to make his first mission to the state of Qi, whichaccomplished the important task of the six nation alliance. At about 22 yearsold, he was appointed as zuotu (Taifu, the Secretary General of the king),second only to Lingyin (Prime Minister), and held a great position. He "made aspeech" with King Huai of Chu, that is, he swore to the alliance of heaven, andthe monarch and his ministers will remain the same until they get old. He tookpart in the important decision-making of huaiwang's internal and foreignaffairs. He actively advocated the rule of Ming Dynasty. Wang huaiwang waswilling to adopt the idea of recommending talents, uniting Qi against Qin,unifying China, and realizing "American politics". However, the aristocraticgroup headed by Zheng Xiu, the empress of the south, envied Qu Yuan and opposedthe reform. They tried their best to slander him and exiled him. At this time,Qu Yuan was about 30 years old.
After leaving Beijing, Qu Yuan was on his way to Jiangnan. When the Qin andWei dynasties attacked Chu, King Huai thought of Qu Yuan and sent someone toretrieve him. King Huai ordered him to go out of Qi for the second time to unitewith Qi to fight against Qin. With his own talent and eloquence, he convincedKing Xuan of Qi at one stroke. However, Zhang Yi colluded with empress nanhou toslander Qu Yuan again. King Huai was furious and changed him to Sanlu doctor,who was in charge of the affairs related to the three surnames of the royalfamily, and was responsible for genealogy, sacrifice and education. Although hisposition was high, he could not meet the king. When King Huai went out of Qin toattend the appointment, Qu Yuan, with a haggard face, knelt down on the side ofthe road and cried. Instead, he was pushed to the ground by Jin Shang, atraitor, and drove away. As a result, King Huai was detained, imprisoned forthree years, and died in the state of Qin. At that time, Qu Yuan was 42 yearsold.
When Qu Yuan heard that the coffin of King Huai had returned, he went toBeijing to help the coffin and wept bitterly. He advised King Xiang to break thefriendship with Qin. King Xiang was moved but didn't go. Instead, he married thedaughter of King Qin and accepted the thief as his father. Qu Yuan tried hisbest to see him, but met Zi Lan at the gate of the palace. He angrily scolded ZiLan. The next day, Zilan tried his best to Qu Yuan to the king of Xiang. In arage, the king of Xiang dismissed him as a doctor of Sanlu and exiled him toJiangnan for a long time. He was more than 50 years old.
Qu Yuan left Yingdu and went down along the Yangtze River. He was full ofgrief, anger and sorrow, so he wrote Lisao. He wrote "evocation of soul" in hiswandering, and set up a spirit throne to recite the poem to offer sacrifices toHuai Wang. After that, I went to Dongting and against the Yuan River and livedin the hometown of canggang in Hanshou for a long time. During this period, hewalked around by the river and lake every day, chanting poems alone. He wasyellow and thin and haggard. One day, I met a fisherman on the Bank of CanglangRiver and talked with each other, so I wrote fisherman. Later, when he left homeand went to Xiangshui, the Qin army broke Yingdu. Hearing the news, he was moreworried about the country and the people, and his heart was burning. He wrotethe last poem Huaisha, which showed that he was determined to stick to hisloyalty and unyielding. On May 5, he sank himself into the Guluo river. At theage of 62, the people in canggang, his hometown, immediately went to Guluo tocollect the corpse when they heard that Qu Yuan had thrown himself into theriver, and threw the wrapped rice dumplings into the river to prevent the fishdragon from injuring the corpse. Every year, it became the traditional custom ofdragon boat race and zongzi.
In 1953, on the 5th day of the fifth lunar month, China carried outextensive activities to commemorate Qu Yuan. In September of the same year, theworld peace council held a meeting to commemorate Qu Yuan and called on peopleall over the world to learn from him.
Qu Yuan created 25 songs of Chu, of which 23 were written in his hometowncanggang. Lisao is a masterpiece of Chinese poetry. It is also a world-famousepic, translated into the language of many countries. In libraries of manycountries, there are still pictures of Qu Yuan. Guofeng and Lisao are called"Fengsao", even poets are called "Poets". During the Anti Japanese period, May 5was once designated as "poet's Day".
Although Qu Yuan has been away from us for 2283 years, his works are thespiritual wealth of people all over the world and have far-reaching historicalsignificance. And great practical significance. We should not only remember himfrom generation to generation, but also widely publicize and seriously studyhim. We should learn from him the thought of persisting in striving, the moralcharacter of being loyal and noble, the will to die rather than surrender andthe great spirit of loving the country and the people.
Zhang Juzheng, the "outstanding Prime Minister" of the Ming Dynasty, wasborn in Jiangling, Huguang (now Hubei), also known as Zhang Jiangling. MingDynasty statesman, reformer. Jiajing 26th year (1547) Jinshi, from the editor toShi Shushi, bachelor order Hanlin affairs. In the first year of Longqing (1567),he served as the left servant of the Ministry of officials and the Bachelor ofDongge. In Longqing period, he was the Minister of the Ministry of officials andthe great scholar of Jianji hall. In the early years of Wanli, he conspired withthe eunuch Feng Bao to get rid of the high arch and took the lead. At that time,when Shenzong was young, Juzheng presided over and ruled all military andpolitical affairs. After 10 years in power, he implemented a series of reformmeasures and achieved certain results. He checked the land hidden by thelandlords, carried out a whip law, changed the tax system, and improved thefinancial situation of the Ming government. He trained with famous generals suchas Qi Jiguang and Li Chengliang to strengthen the northern border defense andstraighten out the defense of the border towns. Pan Jixun was also in charge ofthe dredging of the Huanghuai river. He died in the 10th year of Wanli (1582)and was presented to the state of Shangzhu with a posthumous title of after his death, he was attacked by eunuch Zhang Cheng and old-fashionedbureaucrats, and his reputation was restored at the apocalypse. His worksinclude the collection of Zhang Taiyue and the direct interpretation of thebook. Sanyuan, a literary talent of "Gong'an School", and Cao Yu, Zou Difan,Ouyang Shan, are all from Jingzhou.
With the development of water and land transportation, the communicationequipment in Jingzhou is becoming more and more perfect. There are 1569 trunkand branch roads, 4099.18 kilometers of the city's network mileage, 28 bus linesin the central city, and 138 kilometers of the operating line network. 207, 318National Highway and Yihuang highway run through the whole territory. Jiaozhiand Jingsha railway pass through it. With the Yangtze River and Hanjiang Riveras the main channel, water transportation is convenient. It hasprogram-controlled telephone, optical fiber communication, color TV telephone,digital microwave and other modern communication equipment, and is alsosupported by the post and telecommunications business of more than 150 countriesand regions in the world.
