今年夏天，我和爸爸一起去了南京游玩那里的景点，我十分高兴。
一天，我们满怀着兴致，游中山陵。出中山门，是一条林阴大道。道路两旁一棵棵高大的梧桐树把道路上的天空遮掩的严严实实。
啊!中山陵到了，导游说：“中山陵是伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓，他的陵墓是依山而建的，高差70米，有392级石阶和平台10个。”我们先来到了陵门，陵门全部是用花岗岩建成的，屋顶上覆盖着蓝色琉璃瓦，陵门有三道拱门，中门门额上刻有孙中山手迹“天下为公”四个金黄色的大字。从陵门出来，就到了碑亭，石碑正面写着“国民党葬孙中山先生与此。”导游对我们说：“石碑很特殊，它的后面没有碑文，本来，是让汪精卫、胡汉民这两个人来写碑文的，可是，他们讨论后，说：‘此人一身功过，自由后人评价。’所以没有写碑文。”出了碑亭，我看见了海拔158米的祭堂，我们就开始爬楼梯，过了半小时，我们终于到达了祭堂的平台，前面在底下看上面是许多级石梯，现在从上面向下看却只能看到是个平台。祭堂门楣上方绣刻着“民族”、“民权”、“民生”这六个大字，这就是三民主义，大厅正中有法国大雕刻家塑孙中山汉白玉一尊。东西两旁有《建国大纲》全文，我从里面知道了国民党的一些知识。
我喜欢中山陵。
Sun yat-sen's mausoleum friends, came to a famous historical and cultural city, you must want to see the most famous, the most distinctive local attractions. In nanjing, if did not go to sun yat-sen's mausoleum, say that you see only the half of nanjing. Although nanjing, long known as "the six dynasties ancient capital", has "jinling 40 landscape" and so on numerous scenic spots and historical sites, but sun yat-sen's mausoleum is undoubtedly one of the most attractive, one of the most famous.
Speaking of sun yat-sen's mausoleum, of course, must be mentioned in its master, the great national - the main revolutionary forerunner sun yat-sen. Mr. Sun name sun yat-sen,. Foreign friends all call him "Dr. Sun yat-sen". Because he is engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan when used pseudonym "zhongshan firewood", so he is regarded as sun yat-sen in China. Sun yat-sen was born on November 12, 1866 in xiangshan county (now zhongshan city) in guangdong province tsui a peasant family. He flew high and rare successively studied in Honolulu, Hong Kong and other places, to practice medicine in places such as guangzhou, Macao after graduation. Later he medical politics, and in Japan in 1905, the organization to China union, had been pushing for the prime minister, put forward the "drive out by lu, to restore the, the establishment of the people - the average land ownership" of the famous platform, and the "nation, civil rights, the people's livelihood" - the doctrine of three people.
On October 10, 1911 years after the outbreak of the wuchang uprising, Mr Sun was seventeen provinces represent pushing for the Chinese people - the temporary President, and the following year New Year's day was sworn into office in nanjing. Since then, has experienced the "yuan shikai mean" "second revolution" "nation sports" ups and downs, such as the "method of protection - movement in guangzhou in 1921, he became the Chinese people - the President very much. Chinese nationalist party (KMT) held in guangzhou in January 1924 the first national congress, he will be the old three people - development for the new three people -, put forward the "which was allied with Russia the peasants" of the three policy. In November the same year he came at the invitation of the feng yuxiang north discuss national plans, eventually because became ill because of overwork, died in Beijing on March 12, 1925.
Sun yat-sen's mausoleum burial site is Mr. Sun was selected. This vision, meteorological ambitious, indeed is a good place to build mausoleum. You may ask; Mr. Sun was born in guangdong, died in Beijing, all his life to travel around for the revolution, why choose nanjing as a final resting place?
It is said that as early as in 1912 as temporary President Mr. Sun, soul valley temple abbot monk is has been recommended to him the "would in the former, with green ailian" feng shui treasure. That year on March 31, Mr Zhongshan for the peaceful reunification, resolutely resigned from the presidency. One day in early April, his hunting around with hu and others to the Ming tomb, came to rest now tomb is located. Mr. Sun looked around and said to the left and right sides, after the death of my future want to the land to bury the national obtained (national begging for me after I died someday, to be a pile of soil in place for body). The purple mountain, of course, the momentum of feng shui is not Mr. Sun as the root cause of this decision. Mr Sun last asked: "after my death, can be buried in nanjing zijin foothills, for nanjing interim government was established, so don't forget the xinhai revolution." So, although Mr Sun in nanjing residence time is not long, but nanjing is has special significance for Mr. Sun. He chose nanjing purple mountain as a burial site, fundamentally speaking, is to commemorate the revolution, the revolution colleagues.
In the early morning of April 24, the second and third field armies of theChinese people's Liberation Army crossed the Yangtze River and entered Nanjing.At that time, the Kuomintang troops in Nanjing had retreated. After the PLA'sleading troops entered the city, they pursued forward. They found that there wasanother Kuomintang army in the cemetery, but this army was not a regular army ofthe Kuomintang, but a guard guard guarding Sun Yat Sen's mausoleum. Afterlearning of this situation, the superior leaders of the people's Liberation Armythought that the Gongwei troops guarding Zhongshan Mausoleum should be differentfrom the Kuomintang troops participating in the civil war. Then, the 105thdivision of the second field army sent a regiment political commissar LiuZhicheng to lead a group of soldiers into the cemetery. After arriving at thecemetery, they negotiated with fan Liang and other persons in charge of theGongwei office. Both sides unanimously decided that the people's Liberation Armywould be stationed in Zhongshan Mausoleum, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, LingguTemple and Zijinshan astronomical observatory. Gongwei brigade accepted theadaptation of the PLA and continued to serve as the guard of ZhongshanMausoleum. Since then, the history of Zhongshan Mausoleum has opened a newpage.
On the morning of the same day, Liu Zhicheng, political commissar of theregiment, called on the cadres of Gongwei office to make a speech, explainingthat the Communist Party has always respected Dr. Sun Yat Sen, that the PLA willstrictly protect Dr. Sun Yat Sen's mausoleum, and that the officers and soldiersof Gongwei Office will work peacefully as usual to maintain the normal order ofDr. Sun Yat Sen's mausoleum. Then, Liu Zhicheng and other people's LiberationArmy leaders, led by fan Liang, boarded Zhongshan Mausoleum and inspected thememorial hall, stele Pavilion and mausoleum gate of Zhongshan Mausoleum. Theyfound that there was no damage. At that time, the food supply of Gongwei brigadecould not be maintained, and there was still a lack of food. When Liu Zhichengheard about this situation, he immediately contacted his superiors to help themsolve their temporary difficulties.
On the 25th, all the left behind people were called to speak. On April 27,a meeting of all the cadres above the monitor of Gongwei department was held toexplain how to carry out the work under the new situation, and ordered that allthe weapons should be recorded and sent to Liu Zhengwei to the higherauthorities from now on, and all the weapons not used by each team should bedeposited with the Department. At the same time, Chen Yi, commander of the thirdfield army, wrote a warrant for "protecting Zhongshan Mausoleum" in his ownhandwriting, and sent people to Zhongshan Mausoleum. Chen Yi's warrant wasframed and placed in the mausoleum hall.
In the early days of liberation, some people who did not know the truthlistened to the rumors and thought that they could occupy the state property atwill after liberation. Some people gathered in public to illegally cut down theforest, especially in the back of the mountain. Not only did some people notlisten to persuasion and education, but they dared to surround and beat themembers of the Gongwei guard. Zhang Wensheng, the monitor, and Zhai Wenwei, themember of the Gongwei guard, were all injured. Illegal logging was particularlyrampant at night, and Dai Yuanzhen, a member of the team, was injured by a handgrenade when he was on patrol. In order to strengthen the protection ofZhongshan cemetery, the CMC decided to send the PLA to cooperate with the archguard team to strengthen the patrol. Since August 1, Yao erjue and Li Wuben ledthe public security forces to guard the forest together with the members of theformer arch guard. They also arrested 11 criminals, including Feng Qibao, wholed the illegal forest felling, and escorted them to the people's Government often districts to deal with them. As a result, the bad elements who illegallyfelled the forest in the cemetery were attacked. After September, the wind ofillegal forest felling gradually subsided.
November 12, 1949 is the first anniversary of Sun Yat Sen's birthday afterthe founding of new China. On this day, Nanjing Municipal military controlcommission and Nanjing Municipal People's government held a grand memorialceremony at Zhongshan Mausoleum. More than 500 people from all walks of life andrepresentatives from the municipal military control commission, the municipalgovernment, the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of Chinaattended the ceremony. Su Yu, director of the CMC, Ke Qingshi, vice mayor, TangLiang, deputy secretary of the CPC Nanjing Municipal Committee, Li Fangxun, WuYifang, Xu Yangqiu, Chen Zhongfan, representatives of various democratic partiesand cultural circles, as well as representatives of the people's LiberationArmy, workers and students, arrived at the Lingtang at 1:30 and stood in frontof the statue of Sun Yat Sen. The memorial ceremony began with the NationalAnthem of new China. Director Su Yu made a short speech after he presentedflowers to the statue of Sun Yat Sen. Later, the people who paid homage to SunYat Sen's tomb entered the tomb and went around Sun Yat Sen's tomb. The homageceremony ended at 12 o'clock.
Since then, people from all walks of life in Jiangsu Province and Nanjinghave come to Zhongshan Mausoleum to hold a memorial ceremony on the 12th ofMarch and the 12th of November.
各位团友, 我们现在来到了南京紫金山的第二峰, 小茅山的南麓, 这里就是伟大的中国民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓所在地—中山陵.
中山陵的墓址是孙中山先生生前所选定的. 1920xx年3月孙先生临终前, 他又嘱咐左右“吾死之后, 可葬于南京紫金山麓, 因南京为临时政府成立之地, 所以不忘辛亥革命也. ”
吕彦直所设计的中山陵, 平面为一“木铎”形, 形状如钟, 象征着中山先生精神如响亮钟声, 无远弗达, 这种设计也最符合先生遗嘱中“唤起民众”之意. 被“葬事筹备处”认为“简朴坚实且完全根据中国古代建筑精神”, 从而获“一致决定采用”, 陵墓在孙中山先生逝世一周年之际奠基, 1920xx年6月1日开工, 1920xx年春天完工.
Each group, we now come to the second peak of nanjing purple mountain, small maoshan foothill, here is the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution sun yat-sen's tomb is located - sun yat-sen's mausoleum.
Of sun yat-sen's mausoleum burial site was selected. Sun yat-sen alive in March 1925, Mr. Sun. Dying, he asked about "after my death, can be buried in nanjing zijin foothills, for nanjing interim government was established, so don't forget the xinhai revolution."
Lv Yanzhi designed by sun yat-sen's mausoleum, flat as a "MuDuo" form, shape such as clock, a symbol of the sun spirit, such as a loud bell, no far, this design is the most accord with "arouse people" meaning. In Mr Will be "buried in Shanghai" think "simple solid and completely according to the spirit of ancient Chinese architecture", to "unanimously decided to adopt", mausoleum first anniversary of the death of sun yat-sen founded on June 1, 1926, was completed in the spring of 1929.
各位游客：我们现在来到了中山陵。它于1920xx年1月15日破土动工，历时三年多，耗资220余万银元，于1920xx年春竣工。孙先生的遗体是1920xx年6月1日从北京运抵这里的。整个陵区的面积达83600多平方米，主要建筑由牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭台和墓室等组成。根据吕彦直的设计，整个陵区平面呈警钟形，给人以警钟长鸣、发人深醒的启迪。孙中山先生在临终遗嘱中说，他致力于国民革命四十年，深知欲达到此目的，必须唤起民众。吕彦直的警钟形设计，寓意深刻，最贴切地表达了“唤起民众”之意。
中山陵作为一座陵墓，吕彦直在设计上继承了我国传统的陵墓建筑风格，如依山为陵，保留牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂等中国古代陵墓中常用的基本建筑格局，但又剔除了古代帝王陵墓中属于封建糟粕一类的东西，如摒弃用于显示古代帝王威严的石人石兽，同时吸取西方建筑的一些先进技艺。整个构思的确称得上是古为今用，洋为中用，别具匠心，巧夺天工。
今天，我们起了个大早准备去爬中山陵。导游介绍说中山陵十分雄伟，它是孙中山先生的陵墓，1920xx年竣工。中山陵有329级台阶，代表着三亿二千九百万的群众。
车子缓缓的驶进了停车场，我们来到了中山陵的大门口。中山陵依山而建，占地两千亩。一条笔直的道路通向远方，两排香樟树像士兵挺立在路边。三百多级台阶气势宏伟地展现在眼前。我心里暗想：一定要用最快的速度爬上去。我用劲全身力气，一口气就跑到了中山陵的最高处。放眼远望，群山青翠地环绕四周，真是心旷神怡啊!
灵堂前竖立着一块牌子“中国国民党葬，孙中山先生于此”几个大字。我来到了孙先生的墓室，孙中山先生的半身雕像庄严地屹立着。我们又瞻仰了孙中山先生的遗体，在那里有一副用汉白玉做的孙先生的遗体雕像静静的安息在这里。
我抬头看看头顶上的天花板忍不住叫了一叫“哇，好漂亮!”可是马上被妈妈禁止了，要我保持安静。
中山陵真是雄伟、壮观、气魄不凡啊!
Dear visitors: before reaching the sun yat-sen's mausoleum, begin by telling you a brief introduction of sun yat-sen's life. Sun yat-sen, named sun wen, word yat-sen, engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan once known as "zhongshan firewood". He was born on November 12, 1866 in xiangshan county of guangdong province tsui (now zhongshan city), is the leader of the revolution in China. Sun yat-sen once studied abroad in his early years, in 1892 graduated from the Hong Kong institute of medicine, was once to practice medicine. Of the 20 (superscript th) century China, disaster, the qing government to sign the country with the imperialist powers of the national treaty, making China into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society completely suffering abyss. * * * * witnessed the qing government, sun yat-sen resolutely give up practicing medicine, devoted to the revolution, in August 1905 and a group of bourgeois revolutionary intellectuals, organization set up in Tokyo Japan in China's modern history the first organisation with a nature of bourgeois parties "Chinese brothers", put forward the "nation, the people's livelihood, civil rights," that is, "three people's principles" revolutionary programme. From 1907 to October 1907, brothers in our country continuously launch armed uprising in south China, especially in the April 27, 1911, launched the guangzhou uprising. Guangzhou uprising, though ultimately failed, for the same year on October 10, the wuchang uprising victory laid a foundation. From then on, the provinces have, * * * * for over 20xx years of Chinese feudal monarchy, the profound and far-reaching influence of China's modern history a great revolution, the revolution.
On December 29, 1911, in the central of the interim government meeting, everybody unanimously elected sun yat-sen as the provisional President of the republic of China, to discuss China's temporary government and east of nanjing, determined for the first year of the republic of China in 1912. On January l, 1912, sun yat-sen as temporary President from Shanghai to nanjing. But because of the support of yuan shikai and revolutionary compromises, on April 1, 1912, sun yat-sen as temporary President formally, yuan shikai steal revolutionary fruit, and its capital Beijing. Revolution despite setbacks, but sun yat-sen not discouraged, continue to expand the dharma, protecting movement, movement for yuan. In January 1924, the first cooperation with the communist party of China, and put forward the "united Russia, the communist party, the peasants" of the "new three people's principles". Until late liver cancer, he still endure pain, north and feng yuxiang to discuss affairs of state. On March 12, 1925, died in Beijing due to the deterioration of liver disease.
Sun yat-sen was very like to zhong shan (mountain). As early as in 1912, as temporary President, had been hiking tour. On April 1, the same year was discharged after the post of President, here hunting, see here landscape dependencies, magnificence, had his back to rest the idea of the mountain. Dying in Beijing, he also never forget this dream, urges. Sun yat-sen buried purple mountain, of course, is not just an individual desire, there is another important reason, is that nanjing was the birthplace of the revolution and the temporary seat of government, sun yat-sen reposing in this, said the crusade against the monarchy and the resolve to continue to revolution.
In order to respect the sun yat-sen's wishes by the lady soong ching ling, son sunke composed of people such as sun yat-sen was buried in Shanghai, by publicizing award, solicitation mausoleum design scheme. In numerous candidates, the age of 33, alarm bell shape design of young architects Lv Yanzhi design was awarded the first prize. He has been hired to host all project. Lv Yanzhi is dongping county of shandong province, was born in 1894 in tianjin. Early architecture in tsinghua university after graduation, has been sent at Cornell university in the United States, at public expense by American famous designer shigeru the guidance of the Philippines, back home, open "he architecture firm" in Shanghai. In order to design, sun yat-sen memorial hall, sun yat-sen's mausoleum in nanjing and guangzhou, and hard-working. In close to the end of the project, who is suffering from liver cancer, died on March 18, 1929, at the age of 36.
各位游客：我们现在来到了中山陵。它于1920_年1月15日破土动工，历时三年多，耗资220余万银元，于1920_年春竣工。孙先生的遗体是1920_年6月1日从北京运抵这里的。整个陵区的面积达83600多平方米，主要建筑由牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭台和墓室等组成。根据吕彦直的设计，整个陵区平面呈警钟形，给人以警钟长鸣、发人深醒的启迪。孙中山先生在临终遗嘱中说，他致力于国民革命四十年，深知欲达到此目的，必须唤起民众。吕彦直的警钟形设计，寓意深刻，最贴切地表达了“唤起民众”之意。
中山陵作为一座陵墓，吕彦直在设计上继承了我国传统的陵墓建筑风格，如依山为陵，保留牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂等中国古代陵墓中常用的基本建筑格局，但又剔除了古代帝王陵墓中属于封建糟粕一类的东西，如摒弃用于显示古代帝王威严的石人石兽，同时吸取西方建筑的一些先进技艺。整个构思的确称得上是古为今用，洋为中用，别具匠心，巧夺天工。
各位朋友，孙中山先生一生为革命奋斗，推翻了两千多年的封建帝制，晚年又采取联俄联共扶助农工三大政策，建立了伟大的功勋，也赢得了中外进步人士的广泛拥戴和颂扬。解放后，中山陵受到国家高度重视，1961年被国务院公布为国家级文物保护单位。
如今，作为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一的中山陵，每年接待着来自世界各地的无数炎黄子孙与国际友人。人们怀着对中山先生伟大精神的崇敬与景仰来到这里凭吊拜谒。在两岸统一成为大势所趋、人心所向的今天，面对目前海峡两岸的现状，海内外炎黄子孙都衷心期盼着祖国统一、繁荣昌盛的那一天早日到来。彼时彼刻，倘若孙中山先生泉下有知，必会含笑长眠的。谢谢大家!
Dear tourists
hello everyone! I'm Prince Yang, guide of new century travel agency.Welcome to visit Zhongshan Mausoleum with me.
Zhongshan Mausoleum is located in Nanjing, the famous ancient capital ofChina. In the long history of China, 10 dynasties and regimes have establishedtheir capitals here. Many famous people are sleeping here. The mausoleum of SunZhongshan, the great revolutionary pioneer, is located at the southern foot ofZhongshan Mountain in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. Zhongshan is the highestpeak of Ningzhen mountain range, about 460 meters above sea level, east-westtrend, about 7 kilometers long, north-south width of about 3 kilometers. Forthousands of years, various social activities have been carried out here, andmany gardens, Dizhai, temples, pagodas, altars and mausoleums have been built,leaving countless historical facts and moving legends.
On March 12, 1925, Sun Yat Sen died of liver cancer in Beijing. On hisdeathbed, he repeatedly said that he would like his body to be preserved likehis friend Lenin and buried in Nanjing Zijin Mountain. According to his will,the central executive committee of the Kuomintang unanimously decided to build amausoleum in Nanjing Zijin mountain. The design of the mausoleum was selectedthrough competition and adopted the method of sealed evaluation. Finally, thedesign of the mausoleum was evaluated The first prize is a bell pattern designedby Chinese designer LV Yanchang. The bell has the meaning of "warning" and"freedom". It symbolizes the significance and contribution of Sun Yat sen inleading the Chinese revolution. At the same time, it is consistent withZhongshan, where the mausoleum is located. In the specific design, it adopts acombination of Chinese and Western techniques, draws on the experience ofChinese ancient traditional architecture, and adopts the general design methodof central axis symmetry The plane layout, the architectural appearance ofnational form, the simple tone, the simple decoration and the large areagreening and other methods well show the solemn atmosphere of the cemetery andthe immortal spirit of Dr. Sun Yat Sen. Zhongshan Mausoleum was built in thespring of 1926. Due to the Warlord's separatist regime, the political situationwas chaotic, and the progress of the project was slow. It was only completed inMarch 1929. On June 1, 1929, a grand ceremony of Fengan was held, and all partsof the country were immersed in sorrow. Dr. Sun Yat Sen's coffin was buried inthe tomb at 12 o'clock in the sound of 101 salute guns, and a generation ofgreat men rested in the south foot of Zhongshan Mountain.
The entrance of the mausoleum is located at the southernmost end. It is astone archway with three rooms and three floors. Under the eaves of the MingDynasty, there is a plaque of Dr. Sun Yat Sen's operation "fraternity". Continueto go inside, along the path of the tomb, you can get to the Great Mausoleumgate. The mausoleum gate is 15 meters high, 24 meters wide and 8 meters deep,with extraordinary momentum In big characters, from the back of the gate of themausoleum to the stone steps and the stele Pavilion, there stands an8-meter-high stone tablet in Guifu, which is engraved with gold regular script:"the Chinese Kuomintang buried Mr. Sun here, June 1, 18, the Republic ofChina.". From the stele Pavilion further north, across the 290 steps, we canreach a large platform 135 meters wide and 30 meters deep. The platform is thecommanding height of the whole mausoleum. It has a broad vision and a myriad ofsceneries. It is not only convenient for close-up, but also suitable for distantviewing. No matter in spring, summer, autumn, winter, wind, frost, rain andsnow, nature shows people the wonderful scenery around it. In the center of theplatform is the memorial hall. On the front of the memorial hall, the eye jointof Mingjian is engraved with Dr. Sun Yat Sen's operation "heaven and earthhealthy qi". On the top of the three round ticket doors, there are six words"nation", "civil rights" and "people's livelihood". There are 12 black granitecolumns inside. To the north of the center of the memorial hall, there is awhite marble statue of the great revolutionist. The statue sits upright andlooks calm Detailed, vivid.
The majestic Zhongshan Mausoleum sets off Dr. Sun Yat Sen's great characterand immortal spirit. It is also a symbol of Dr. Sun Yat Sen's character andspirit. In the solemn atmosphere of Zhongshan Mausoleum, it expresses people'sinfinite respect for Dr. Sun Yat Sen.
Sun Yat Sen, the forerunner of China's democratic revolution!
中山陵是我国伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓，它坐落在江苏省南京市东郊钟山东峰小茅山的南麓，西邻明孝陵，东毗灵谷寺，整个建筑群依山势而层层上升，气势宏伟！
1925年3月12日，孙中山在北京逝世，遵照他生前安葬在钟山的遗愿，灵柩暂停放在北京香山碧云寺内，并决定在南京钟山修建他的陵墓。中山陵由陵墓样稿得奖者、著名建筑师吕彦直设计施工。
整个墓区平面形如大钟，钟的顶为山下半月形广场，广场南端的鼎台(现改为中山先生的立像)为大钟的钟纽，钟锤就是半球形的墓室。“鼎”在古代是权力的象征，因此整个大钟乃含“唤起民众，以建民国”之意。陵坐北朝南，傍山而筑，由南往北沿中轴线逐渐升高，依次为广场、石坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂、墓室。
祭堂的正中，为孙中山先生的汉白玉坐像，此像为国外雕塑名家保罗兰德斯所作。坐像德基座四周雕刻着孙中山先生的革命业绩，祭堂四壁的黑色大理石墙上刻有孙中山亲笔书写的>和胡汉民等人书写的>。祭堂之后有一个铜门，横额上书“浩气长存”四个大字，亦是孙中山先生的手笔。门内即为钟形墓室，其中央有一直径4米、深5米的圆形大理石圆穴。孙中山的汉白玉灵柩及卧像即安放在圆穴中，瞻仰者可围绕汉白玉栏杆俯视灵柩上的卧像，此像系捷克雕刻家高棋按遗体形象塑造，十分逼真。孙中山先生虽然与世长辞，但是他浩气长存，永远为世人所敬仰。中山陵的建筑风格中西合壁，钟山的雄伟形势与各个牌坊、陵门、碑亭、祭堂和墓室，通过大片绿地和宽广的通天台阶，连成一个大的整体，显得十分庄严雄伟，既有深刻的含意，又显得十分庄严雄伟，更有宏伟的气势，设计非常成功，所以被誉为“中国近代建筑史上的第一陵”。
国家4A级旅游景区。原名陵园，位于钟山第二峰小茅山南麓，是伟大的革命先行者孙中山的陵墓。它坐北朝南，依山而筑，由半圆形广场、牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂和墓室组成。墓室在海拔165米处，与起点平面距离700米，上下落差73米。整组建筑总平面取“自由钟”图案，表“使天下皆达道”之义。瞻仰者由下仰望，但见浩瀚林海衬映着碧瓦银墙，宛如伟人之浩然正气，与大地同存。恢宏的陵墓工程于1920xx年3月奠基，1920xx年春竣工。同年5月28日，孙中山灵柩由北京运抵南京，6月1日在中山陵举行奉安大典。
经过相关部门的着手打造，耗资40亿元，大力整治长达四年之久的南京中山陵园风景区，近日完工后的新景点将陆续向公众免费开放，经过此次整顿之后，在原有的景区核心区周边新建成前湖公园、琵琶湖公园、梅花谷公园、下马坊遗址公园、博爱园、钟山运动园、营盘山公园等7座各具特色的公园。
中山陵自广场至祭堂坡度逐段加大，由博爱坊望祭堂，仰角为9度，由碑亭仰望祭堂，仰角提高到19度，中山陵392级台阶，拾级而上，步步增添庄重、崇敬之感。走完石阶到达大平台，回首俯视则一个石阶也看不见了，只见其间的八个平台连成一片，如同平地，当你站在大平台上，举目远眺，群峰皆居脚下，陵园景色尽收眼底，岗峦叠翠，松柏苍苍，亭台楼阁，气象万千。
此次新建的前湖公园位于明城墙脚下的北临中山植物园，展示20xx多种热带植物;梅花山扩建而成的梅花谷公园占地1533亩，梅花由1.5万株增加到近4万株，品种达350多个，成为“天下第一梅山”。而下马坊遗址公园以1.1公里长的孝陵神道为主线，沿线分布三组石刻建筑和新出土不久的高浮雕龙纹石碑、观音阁大石壁、康熙“奉旨免三则碑”等大量明清珍贵石刻文物，极有观赏价值。
National 4A tourist attractions. Originally known as the cemetery, it islocated at the south foot of Xiaomao mountain, the second peak of ZhongshanMountain. It is the mausoleum of Sun Yat Sen, the great revolutionary pioneer.It faces south from the north and is built close to the mountain. It is composedof a semicircular square, a memorial archway, a tomb passage, a tomb gate, astele Pavilion, a memorial hall and a tomb chamber. The tomb is 165 meters abovesea level, 700 meters from the starting plane, and 73 meters from the top to thebottom. The general plan of the whole group of buildings adopts the pattern of"Liberty Bell", which means "making the world reach the Tao". Those who look upfrom below can see that the vast forest is set off by the blue tiles and silverwalls, just like the noble righteousness of a great man, living with the earth.The grand mausoleum project was laid in March 1926 and completed in the springof 1929. On May 28 of the same year, Sun Yat Sen's coffin arrived in Nanjingfrom Beijing. On June 1, the Fengan ceremony was held in ZhongshanMausoleum.
With the efforts of relevant departments and a cost of 4 billion yuan, theZhongshan cemetery scenic spot in Nanjing has been renovated for four years. Thenewly completed scenic spots will be opened to the public free of charge. Afterthis rectification, Qianhu Park, Pipa Lake Park, meihuagu Park, XiamafangHeritage Park, Boai Park and Zhongshan sports park will be built around theoriginal core area of the scenic spot And Yingpanshan park.
From the square to the sacrificial hall, the slope of Zhongshan Mausoleumincreases step by step. From Boai square to the sacrificial hall, the elevationangle is 9 degrees. From the stele pavilion to the sacrificial hall, theelevation angle is increased to 19 degrees. There are 392 steps in ZhongshanMausoleum, which add a sense of solemnity and reverence step by step. Afterwalking the stone steps, you can reach the platform. Looking back, you can't seeany stone steps. You can only see that the eight platforms are connected as flatground. When you stand on the platform and look up, you can see all the peaks atyour feet. You can have a panoramic view of the cemetery. The hills are emerald,the pines and cypresses are green, the pavilions are magnificent.
The new Qianhu park is located at the foot of the wall of Mingcheng City,north of Zhongshan Botanical Garden, displaying more than 20__ kinds of tropicalplants; meihuagu Park, which is expanded from Meihuashan, covers an area of 1533mu, with more than 350 varieties of Meihua, increasing from 15000 to nearly40000. Xiamafang heritage park takes the 1.1km long Xiaoling Shinto as the mainline. Along the line, there are three groups of stone buildings and a largenumber of precious stone relics of Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as newlyunearthed high relief dragon stone tablet, Guanyin Pavilion big stone wall,Kangxi "fengzhimiansanze tablet", which are of great ornamental value.
走过牌坊，顺着墓道，跨过陵门，那连绵不断的台阶映入我的眼帘。拾级而上， 来到第五层平台，可以看见一对大铜鼎，上刻“奉安大典”字样，是当时上海特别市政府捐赠的。大家仔细看，会发现在左边那个鼎下面有两个孔。为什么会这样呢?原来这是 1937年末日军攻占南京时被炮弹击穿的，换句话说，这两个孔是当时留下的弹坑。如今虽早已时过境迁，但这两个弹坑时时提醒我们莫忘国耻。终于登上顶处的大平台。微风徐徐，此处阵阵松涛，更觉伟人浩然正气与天地同存。 这392级台阶，高差约70米，总计有大小10个平台。更妙的是，从下向上看时一望到顶，石阶连绵不断，不见平台;而各位现在朝下看时，却反而不见台阶，只见平台。一路登行，“高山仰止，景行行止”，虽不能至，心向往之，敬仰之情不禁油然而生。
来到顶处的祭堂，祭堂内部以云南产乳白色大理石铺地。堂内有直径 0。8米的黑色石柱12根，四周墙壁下嵌黑色大理石。大家可以看见东西两壁上所刻的孙中山手书《建国大纲》全文。祭堂正中是孙中山着长袍马褂的石刻全身坐像，像高4。6米，底座阔2。1米。这座雕像是当时世界著名的法籍波兰雕刻家保罗·郎特斯基受孙中山葬事筹委会之托，用意大利白石雕刻而成，并于1930年塑成后从巴黎运至中山陵的，全部造价150万法郎。坐像下四面的六幅浮雕是截取了孙先生从事革命活动的六幅画面。它们分别是：“如抱赤子”，“出国宣传”，“商讨革命”，“国会授印”，“振聋发聩”和“讨袁护国”。看着伟人的光辉业绩，我心中无比敬佩。
如今，作为在海内外享有盛誉的旅游纪念胜地，中山陵每年接待着来自世界各地的无数炎黄子孙与国际友人。人们怀着对中山先生伟大精神的崇敬与景仰来到这里凭吊拜谒。在统一成为大势所趋、人心所向的今天，面对目前海峡两岸的现状，海内外炎黄子孙都衷心期盼着祖国统一、繁荣昌盛的那一天早日到来。彼时彼刻，倘若孙先生泉下有知，也必会含笑长眠!
中山陵各位朋友，来到一座历史文化名城，你们一定想去看看当地最有名气、最具特色的景点吧。到了南京，如果没去中山陵，可以说你只看到了半个南京城。尽管南京素有"六朝古都"之称，拥有"金陵四十景"等众多名胜古迹，但中山陵无疑是其中最具吸引力、最有知名度的一个。
说起中山陵，当然要提到它的主人--伟大的中国民-主革命先行者孙中山先生。孙先生本名孙文，字逸仙。外国友人都称呼他为"孙逸仙博士"。因为他在日本从事革命活动时曾用过"中山樵"的化名，所以他在国内被尊称为孙中山先生。孙中山1866年11月12日出生于广东香山县(今中山市)翠亨村的一个农民家庭。他少有大志，先后求学于檀香山、香港等地，毕业后在广州、澳门等地行医。后来他弃医从政，并于1905年在日本组织中国同盟会，被推举为，提出了"驱除按虏，恢复中华，建立民-国，平均地权"的著名纲领，及"民族、民权、民生"的三民-主义学说。1911年10月10日武昌起义爆发后，孙先生被十七省代表推举为中华民-国临时大总统，并于次年元旦在南京宣誓就职。此后，经历了"袁世凯窃国""二次革命""护国运动""护-法运动"等风风雨雨，1921年他在广州就任中华民-国非常大总统。在1924年1月广州召开的中国第一次全国代表大会上，他将旧三民-主义发展为新三民-主义，提出了"联俄联共扶助农工"的三大政策。同年11月他应冯玉祥之邀抱病北上讨论国家大计，终因积劳成疾，于1925年3月12日在北京逝世。
中山陵的墓址是孙先生生前选定的。这里视野开阔，气象雄伟，的确是建造陵墓的好地方。你们也许会问;孙先生出生于广东，逝世在北京，毕生为革命奔波于各地，为什么要选择南京作为自己的长眠之地呢?
据说，早在1912年孙先生就任临时大总统时，灵谷寺的住持和尚就曾向他推荐过这块"前临平川，后拥青嶂"的风水宝地。当年3月31日，中山先生为求南北和平统一，毅然辞去总统之职。4月初的一天，他与胡汉民等人到明孝陵一带打猎，来到现陵墓所在地休息。孙先生环顾四周，对左右说，我将来死后，想向国民求得这块土地以安葬(待我他日辞世后，愿向国民乞一抔土以安置躯壳尔)。当然，紫金山的气势风水还不是孙先生作此决定的根本原因。孙先生临终前嘱咐："吾死之后，可葬于南京紫金山麓，因南京为临时政府成立之地，所以不忘辛亥革命也。"因此，尽管孙先生在南京停留时间并不长，但南京对于孙先生是具有特殊意义的。他选择南京紫金山为墓址，从根本上说，是为了纪念辛亥革命，激励革命同仁。
各位朋友，来到一座历史文化名城，你们一定想去看看当地最有名气、最具特色的景点吧，到了南京，如果没去中山陵，可以说你只看到了半个南京城。尽管南京素有“六朝古都”之称，拥有“金陵四十景”等众多名胜古迹，但中山陵无疑是其中最具吸引力、最有知名度的一个。
说起中山陵，当然要提到它的主人—伟大的中国民主革命先行者孙中山先生。孙先生本名孙文，字逸仙。外国友人都称呼他为“孙逸仙博士”。因为他在日本从事革命活动时曾用过“中山樵”的化名，所以他在国内被尊称为孙中山先生。孙中山1866年11月12日出生于广东香山县(今中山市)翠亨村的一个农民家庭。他少有大志，先后求学于檀香山、香港等地，毕业后在广州、澳门等地行医。后来他弃医从政，并于1920xx年在日本组织中国同盟会，被推举为总理，提出了“驱除鞑虏，恢复中华，建立民国，平均地权”的著名纲领，及“民族、民权、民生”的三民主义学说。1920xx年10月10日武昌起义爆发后，孙先生被十七省代表推举为临时大总统，并于次年元旦在南京宣誓就职。此后，经历了“袁世凯窃国”、“二次革命”、“护国运动”和“运动”等风风雨雨，1920xx年他在广州就任非常大总统。在1920xx年1月广州召开的中国国民党第一次全国代表大会上，他将旧三民主义发展为新三民主义，提出了“联俄联共扶助农工”的三大政策。同年11月他应冯玉祥之邀抱病北上讨论国家大计，终因积劳成疾，于1920xx年3月12日在北京逝世。
中山陵的墓址是孙先生生前选定的。这里视野开阔，气象雄伟，的确是建造陵墓的好地方。你们也许会问：孙先生出生于广东，逝世在北京，毕生为革命奔波于各地，为什么要选择南京作为自己的长眠之地呢?据说，早在1920xx年孙先生就任临时大总统时，灵谷寺的住持和尚就曾向他推荐过这块“前临平川，后拥青嶂”的风水宝地。当年3月31日，中山先生为求南北和平统一，毅然辞去总统之职，4月初的一天，他与胡汉民等人到明孝陵一带打猎，来到现陵墓所在地休息。孙先生环顾四周，对左右说，我将来死后，想向国民求得这块土地以安葬(待我他日辞世后，愿向国民乞一抔土以安置躯壳尔)。当然，紫金山的气势风水还不是孙先生作此决定的根本原因。孙先生临终前嘱咐：“吾死之后，可葬于南京紫金山麓，因南京为临时政府成立之地，所以不忘辛亥革命也。”因此，尽管孙先生在南京停留时间并不长，但南京对于孙先生是具有特殊意义的。他选择南京紫金山为墓址，从根本上说，是为了纪念辛亥革命，激励革命同仁。
为尊重孙先生的遗愿，由孙夫人宋庆龄、孙科等人组成的孙中山葬事筹备处实地察看，选好陵址，划地20xx亩修墓，又登报悬奖，征集陵墓设计方案。在众多应征者中，青年建筑师吕彦直设计的钟形图案被一致评为首奖，他本人也被聘主持全部工程。1920xx年3月12日孙先生逝世一周年之际，举行了奠基典礼。历时3年多，耗资150万银元，中山陵终于在1920xx年春竣工。令人惋惜的是，留学美国、才华横溢的青年建筑师吕彦直在主持建陵过程中，呕心沥血，鞠躬尽瘁，不幸与孙先生一样身患肝癌，在工程临近尾声时病逝，年仅35岁。1920xx年6月1日举行奉安大典，孙先生的遗体从北京运到南京。从此60余年，孙先生一直长眠在这里。
中山陵的建造可以说是南京城建设史上的一件大事。当年为了迎接孙先生灵柩，南京修筑了第一条柏油马路—西起中山码头，东至中山门，长达24里的中山路。直到今天，中山路依然是南京最主要的交通干道之一。同时改造翻修了明代城门朝阳门，并改名为中山门。在中山门到中山陵之间还修筑了一条陵园路。如同巴黎人以香榭里舍大道为骄傲，纽约人为第五大街而自豪一样，南京人对自己城市美丽的林荫大道最是得意。而这条长达3公里的陵园路无疑正是南京林荫道的最佳代表。在这条“绿荫长廊”两侧，种植着南京最主要的行道树——梧桐。人们习惯上称它为法国梧桐，但追根溯源起来，它可是我们中国的“土特产”，只因当年法国人将它从云南移植到上海法租界，才得了现在这么一个土洋结合的名字。
车出中山门，沿陵园路行驶，终点便是中山陵前的半月形广场。大家请，朝南看，广场正南是一座八角形石台。台上那尊双耳三足的紫铜宝鼎，重5000公斤，高4.25米，腹径1.23米，是中山陵纪念性装饰之一。此鼎铸于1933年秋，由广州中山大学全体师生和戴季陶捐赠。鼎一面铸有“智、仁、勇”三个字，是中山大学校训。鼎内竖有一块六角形铜牌，上刻戴母手书《孝经》全文。
由广场踏阶而上，迎面是一座四楹三阙门的冲天式石牌坊。这座牌坊建于1931～1933年，高12米，宽17.3米。建坊用的都是大块福建花岗岩，但采用的却是中国传统木结构形式。大家抬头可以望见坊额正中金光闪闪的“博爱”两字。这两个字是孙先生的手迹，原出自唐韩愈《原道》“博爱之为仁”一语，据说孙先生生前最爱题这两宇送人。孙先生毕生以伟大的博爱精神致力于资产阶级民主革命，为民族的独立自由奋斗不息，可以说“博爱”二字正是对他一生的高度概括和最好写照。
由博爱坊向前走，是一段长480米，宽数十米的墓道。中山陵的整体设计，突出中国的传统风格，庄严肃穆，独具特色。为了体现孙先生的崇高伟大，中山陵沿用了古代依山为陵的惯例，将墓室筑于海拔约160米的全陵最高处。此外，整个陵区的建筑植被讲求中轴对称，更给。人以法度庄严之感。请大家向前看，朝北顺坡而上，依次有陵门、碑亭、祭堂和祭堂后的墓室等建筑。而墓道两边的这些雪松、桧柏、银杏、红枫两两相对，代替了古代惯用的石人石兽，象征着孙先生的革命精神和高尚品质。雪松是世界四大观赏树种之一，现已成为南京市的市树。墓道尽头是平台。根据吕彦直的设计，整个陵墓平面为“木铎”形。铎，就是平常我们说的大铃铛。在古代它是用来宣布政教法令和战争令的。铎的声音宏亮，而且传得很远，有“使天下皆达道”的喻义。陵墓选用这样一个图式，让人不禁想起孙先生“革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力”的名言，其用意也正在警示后人。这里的平台广场就是当年吕彦直设计的“自由之钟”的下缘。这座宏伟的三拱门，是陵区的正式开端。它高16米，宽27米，进深8.8米，也是用福建花岗岩筑成的。中门横额上是孙中山手书“天下为公”，出自《礼记.礼运》中的“大道之行也，天下为公”，意思是说国家不是哪一家的天下，而是天下人的天下，老百姓的天下。这是孙先生毕生奋斗的理想，也是他所倡导的三民主义的极好注解。
过了陵门便是碑亭。亭正中这块9米高的巨碑上，刻有国民党元老谭延闿手书的“中国国民党葬总理孙先生于此十八年六月一日”24个镏金颜体大字。当初讨论立碑时，计划由汪精卫、胡汉民等人分别撰写铭文、墓志铭等。可花了两年时间也没写出来。大家都认为先生的思想功绩是文字所无法概括的，于是索性不写铭文，改用现在的形式。
出碑亭，迎面石阶层层叠叠。南京人常说中山陵的台阶像是卢沟桥的石狮子——数不清。所以来这儿游览的客人常常要问：中山陵究竟有多少级台阶呢?
各位朋友，大家不妨也来数数看，怎么样?
来到临近顶端的平台，可以看见一对大铜鼎，上刻“奉安大典”字样，是当时上海市政府捐赠的。大家仔细看，会发现在左边那个鼎下面有两个洞。为什么会这样呢?原来这是1937年末日军攻占南京时向中山陵炮击造成的，这两个洞就是当时留下的弹洞。如今虽时过境迁，但这两个弹洞仍时时提醒我们莫忘国耻。距此不远的前方还有一对仿古青铜鼎，那是.由孙先生的儿子孙科一家敬赠的。
拾级而上，终于登上顶台。由此既可鸟瞰，更宜远眺。置身此间，背倚巍巍钟山，耳听阵阵松涛，更觉伟人的浩然正气与大自然同存。祭堂处在钟山半山腰，从博爱坊到祭堂总共有392级台阶，高差约70米，平面距离700米。如从碑亭数起则有290级台阶。建筑师为避单调，将这392级台阶分作10段，每段1个平台，总计有大小10个平台。更妙的是，从下向上看时一望到顶，石阶连绵不断，不见平台;而各位现在朝下看时，却反而不见台阶，只见平台了。这392级的数字并非巧合，而是暗喻了当时全中国三亿九干二百万同胞。一路登行，“高山仰止，景行行止”，对中山先生敬仰之情不禁油然而生。
现在大家面对的就是祭堂和墓室，这是陵墓的主体部分。当年吕彦直督建至此，就因身患绝症而逝，常令后人发出“出师未捷身先死”之叹。祭堂是仿木结构宫殿式建筑，长30米，阔25米，高29米，四周有堡垒式的小建筑物，并有两座高12.6米的华表拱卫。祭堂屋顶为重檐九脊，上覆蓝色琉璃瓦，外墙全用香港花岗岩砌成。祭堂门额上有“民族”、“民生”、“民权”阳文篆字，这是孙先生从事革命活动最基本最概括的指导思想。居中的“民生”门楣上端，又有孙中山手书的“天地正气”四字直额。
请各位跟我进入祭堂。祭堂内部以云南产白黑色大理石铺地。堂内有直径0.8米的黑色石柱12根，四周墙壁下嵌黑色大理石。大家可以看见东西两壁上所刻的孙中山手书《建国大纲》全文。整个祭堂以黑白蓝色为基调，均为中国传统孝色。而镶嵌彩色玻璃的内窗，在阳光照射下却显出另一番西洋风味。如此中西合壁的风格，正与孙先生融贯中西的精神气度相契合。祭堂正中是孙中山着长袍马褂的石刻全身坐像，像高4.6米，底座阔2.1米。这座雕像是当时世界著名的法籍波兰雕刻家保罗.阿林斯基受孙中山葬事委员会之托，用意大利白石雕刻而成，并于1930年从巴黎运至中山陵的，全部造价150万法郎。坐像下四面的6幅浮雕是截取了孙先生从事革命活动的六个片断。它们分别是“如抱赤子”、“出国宣传”、“商讨革命”、“国会授印”、“振聋发聩”和“讨袁护国”。经过祭堂来到墓室。墓门分两道，第一道是两扇美国产的紫铜保险门，门上的门钉和铜环上的神兽(椒图)极富中国传统特色，门楣上刻“浩气长存”横额，取孙中山为黄花岗烈土墓所书手迹。第二道门为独扇铜门，上刻张静江所写“孙中山先生之墓”七个篆字。
墓室是半球形封闭建筑，顶呈西式穹隆状，以马赛克镶成国民党党徽图案。室内圆形，铺以大理石，直径约18米，高11米，四壁以淡红色大理石贴面。正中的圆形大理石圹，直径4.33米，深1.7米，四周围是1米高的白色大理石栏杆。圹内墓穴上安放着孙先生穿中山装的大理石卧像，这是捷克雕塑家高琪按孙先生的遗体形象所作。孙先生的紫铜棺就安放在卧像下5米左右处。为什么祭堂内的坐像身着长袍马褂，而这里却改穿中山装了呢?原来当年国民党内左右两派矛盾尖锐，以蒋介石为首的右派主张塑像穿长袍马褂;而左派则主张穿中山装。两派意见不合，结果各搞各的，就出现了上述情况。
各位朋友，孙先生的遗体究竟是否还在中山陵，这是每一位来这里的游客最关心的问题。事实上，自孙先生逝世后，他的遗体的确是历经磨难。1920xx年3月12日孙先生逝世时，他的遗体经过防腐处理，暂时被安置在北京香山碧云寺。1920xx年，被北伐军打败逃到北京的军阀张宗昌，把失败的原因归咎为孙先生的遗体压住了他的风水。于是他打算要焚化遗体。后经爱国将领张学良派兵保护，遗体才得以保存，但已受到空气侵蚀。1920xx年5月28日灵柩由津浦铁路从北京运抵浦口，6月1日运达中山陵。奉安大典仪式完毕后，即用水泥将灵柩浇入圹中。墓穴用花岗岩垫底，四周建隔墙，紫铜棺下有一特制楠木垫，棺上有一层密封着的水晶透明板。当年公祭时，站在石圹边，扶栏即可瞻仰中山先生遗容。抗战爆发后，国民党政府曾准备将遗体运往重庆;解放战争后期，蒋介石又曾想将遗体迁往中国台湾，但由于爆破墓穴势必会损坏遗体，因而受到工程界爱国人士和国民党左派的极力劝阻，终于使遗体得以安然保存至今。
沿祭堂外广场两侧后壁有一道门，通向墓堡公园。中为墓室宝顶，呈覆钟形。墓堡后墙设有“中山陵建设史料展”，近200幅珍贵历史资料展现了中山陵的建设和中山先生的遗体奉安全过程。
除了陵墓主体建筑外，中山陵周围还有一些纪念性建筑设施，包括藏经楼、音乐台、光化亭、行健亭、仰止亭、流徽榭等等。它们大多是1920xx年奉安大典后，各界人士和海外侨胞友人捐款修建而成。另外，位于梅花山顶的博爱阁，是一位台湾同胞捐资兴建的，于1993年11月12日孙先生诞辰127周年时落成。
各位朋友，孙中山先生一生为革命奋斗，推翻了两千多年的封建帝制，晚年又采取联俄联共扶助农工三大政策，建立了伟大的功勋，也赢得了中外进步人士的广泛拥戴和颂扬。解放后，中山陵受到国家高度重视，1961年被国务院公布为国家级文物保护单位。
如今，作为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一的中山陵，每年接待着来自世界各地的无数炎黄子孙与国际友人。人们怀着对中山先生伟大精神的崇敬与景仰来到这里凭吊拜谒。在两岸统一成为大势所趋、人心所向的今天，面对目前海峡两岸的现状，海内外炎黄子孙都衷心期盼着祖国统一、繁荣昌盛的那一天早日到来。彼时彼刻，倘若孙中山先生泉下有知，必会含笑长眠的。谢谢大家!
中山陵各位朋友，来到一座历史文化名城，你们一定想去看看当地最有名气、最具特色的景点吧。到了南京，如果没去中山陵，可以说你只看到了半个南京城。尽管南京素有"六朝古都"之称，拥有"金陵四十景"等众多名胜古迹，但中山陵无疑是其中最具吸引力、最有知名度的一个。
说起中山陵，当然要提到它的主人--伟大的中国民-主革命先行者孙中山先生。孙先生本名孙文，字逸仙。外国友人都称呼他为"孙逸仙博士"。因为他在日本从事革命活动时曾用过"中山樵"的化名，所以他在国内被尊称为孙中山先生。孙中山1866年11月12日出生于广东香山县(今中山市)翠亨村的一个农民家庭。他少有大志，先后求学于檀香山、香港等地，毕业后在广州、澳门等地行医。后来他弃医从政，并于1920xx年在日本组织中国同盟会，被推举为总理，提出了"驱除按虏，恢复中华，建立民-国，平均地权"的著名纲领，及"民族、民权、民生"的三民-主义学说。1920xx年10月10日武昌起义爆发后，孙先生被十七省代表推举为中华民-国临时大总统，并于次年元旦在南京宣誓就职。此后，经历了"袁世凯窃国""二次革命""护国运动""护-法运动"等风风雨雨，1920xx年他在广州就任中华民-国非常大总统。在1920xx年1月广州召开的中国国民党第一次全国代表大会上，他将旧三民-主义发展为新三民-主义，提出了"联俄联共扶助农工"的三大政策。同年11月他应冯玉祥之邀抱病北上讨论国家大计，终因积劳成疾，于1920xx年3月12日在北京逝世。
中山陵的墓址是孙先生生前选定的。这里视野开阔，气象雄伟，的确是建造陵墓的好地方。你们也许会问;孙先生出生于广东，逝世在北京，毕生为革命奔波于各地，为什么要选择南京作为自己的长眠之地呢?
据说，早在1920xx年孙先生就任临时大总统时，灵谷寺的住持和尚就曾向他推荐过这块"前临平川，后拥青嶂"的风水宝地。当年3月31日，中山先生为求南北和平统一，毅然辞去总统之职。4月初的一天，他与胡汉民等人到明孝陵一带打猎，来到现陵墓所在地休息。孙先生环顾四周，对左右说，我将来死后，想向国民求得这块土地以安葬(待我他日辞世后，愿向国民乞一抔土以安置躯壳尔)。当然，紫金山的气势风水还不是孙先生作此决定的根本原因。孙先生临终前嘱咐："吾死之后，可葬于南京紫金山麓，因南京为临时政府成立之地，所以不忘辛亥革命也。"因此，尽管孙先生在南京停留时间并不长，但南京对于孙先生是具有特殊意义的。他选择南京紫金山为墓址，从根本上说，是为了纪念辛亥革命，激励革命同仁。
各位游客：我们现在来到了中山陵。它于1920xx年1月15日破土动工，历时三年多，耗资220余万银元，于1920xx年春竣工。孙先生的遗体是1920xx年6月1日从北京运抵这里的。整个陵区的面积达83600多平方米，主要建筑由牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭台和墓室等组成。根据吕彦直的设计，整个陵区平面呈警钟形，给人以警钟长鸣、发人深醒的启迪。孙中山先生在临终遗嘱中说，他致力于国民革命四十年，深知欲达到此目的，必须唤起民众。吕彦直的警钟形设计，寓意深刻，最贴切地表达了“唤起民众”之意。
中山陵作为一座陵墓，吕彦直在设计上继承了我国传统的陵墓建筑风格，如依山为陵，保留牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂等中国古代陵墓中常用的基本建筑格局，但又剔除了古代帝王陵墓中属于封建糟粕一类的东西，如摒弃用于显示古代帝王威严的石人石兽，同时吸取西方建筑的一些先进技艺。整个构思的确称得上是古为今用，洋为中用，别具匠心，巧夺天工。
中山陵是我国伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓，它坐落在江苏省南京市东郊钟山东峰小茅山的南麓，西邻明孝陵，东毗灵谷寺，整个建筑群依山势而层层上升，气势宏伟!
1920xx年3月12日，孙中山在北京逝世，遵照他生前安葬在钟山的遗愿，灵柩暂停放在北京香山碧云寺内，并决定在南京钟山修建他的陵墓。中山陵由陵墓样稿得奖者、著名建筑师吕彦直设计施工。
整个墓区平面形如大钟，钟的顶为山下半月形广场，广场南端的鼎台(现改为中山先生的立像)为大钟的钟纽，钟锤就是半球形的墓室。“鼎”在古代是权力的象征，因此整个大钟乃含“唤起民众，以建民国”之意。陵坐北朝南，傍山而筑，由南往北沿中轴线逐渐升高，依次为广场、石坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂、墓室。
祭堂的正中，为孙中山先生的汉白玉坐像，此像为国外雕塑名家保罗兰德斯所作。坐像德基座四周雕刻着孙中山先生的革命业绩，祭堂四壁的黑色大理石墙上刻有孙中山亲笔书写的>和胡汉民等人书写的>。祭堂之后有一个铜门，横额上书“浩气长存”四个大字，亦是孙中山先生的手笔。门内即为钟形墓室，其中央有一直径4米、深5米的圆形大理石圆穴。孙中山的汉白玉灵柩及卧像即安放在圆穴中，瞻仰者可围绕汉白玉栏杆俯视灵柩上的卧像，此像系捷克雕刻家高棋按遗体形象塑造，十分逼真。孙中山先生虽然与世长辞，但是他浩气长存，永远为世人所敬仰。中山陵的建筑风格中西合壁，钟山的雄伟形势与各个牌坊、陵门、碑亭、祭堂和墓室，通过大片绿地和宽广的通天台阶，连成一个大的整体，显得十分庄严雄伟，既有深刻的含意，又显得十分庄严雄伟，更有宏伟的气势，设计非常成功，所以被誉为“中国近代建筑史上的第一陵”。
走过牌坊，顺着墓道，跨过陵门，那连绵不断的台阶映入我的眼帘。拾级而上， 来到第五层平台，可以看见一对大铜鼎，上刻“奉安大典”字样，是当时上海特别市政府捐赠的。大家仔细看，会发现在左边那个鼎下面有两个孔。为什么会这样呢?原来这是 1937年末日军攻占南京时被炮弹击穿的，换句话说，这两个孔是当时留下的弹坑。如今虽早已时过境迁，但这两个弹坑时时提醒我们莫忘国耻。终于登上顶处的大平台。微风徐徐，此处阵阵松涛，更觉伟人浩然正气与天地同存。 这392级台阶，高差约70米，总计有大小10个平台。更妙的是，从下向上看时一望到顶，石阶连绵不断，不见平台;而各位现在朝下看时，却反而不见台阶，只见平台。一路登行，“高山仰止，景行行止”，虽不能至，心向往之，敬仰之情不禁油然而生。
来到顶处的祭堂，祭堂内部以云南产乳白色大理石铺地。堂内有直径 0。8米的黑色石柱12根，四周墙壁下嵌黑色大理石。大家可以看见东西两壁上所刻的孙中山手书《建国大纲》全文。祭堂正中是孙中山着长袍马褂的石刻全身坐像，像高4。6米，底座阔2。1米。这座雕像是当时世界著名的法籍波兰雕刻家保罗·郎特斯基受孙中山葬事筹委会之托，用意大利白石雕刻而成，并于1930年塑成后从巴黎运至中山陵的，全部造价150万法郎。坐像下四面的六幅浮雕是截取了孙先生从事革命活动的六幅画面。它们分别是：“如抱赤子”，“出国宣传”，“商讨革命”，“国会授印”，“振聋发聩”和“讨袁护国”。看着伟人的光辉业绩，我心中无比敬佩。
如今，作为在海内外享有盛誉的旅游纪念胜地，中山陵每年接待着来自世界各地的无数炎黄子孙与国际友人。人们怀着对中山先生伟大精神的崇敬与景仰来到这里凭吊拜谒。在统一成为大势所趋、人心所向的今天，面对目前海峡两岸的现状，海内外炎黄子孙都衷心期盼着祖国统一、繁荣昌盛的那一天早日到来。彼时彼刻，倘若孙先生泉下有知，也必会含笑长眠!
