Shuidonggou is the earliest Paleolithic site excavated in China. It is anational key cultural relic protection unit, a national AAAAA scenic spot and anational geopark. It is known as "the birthplace of Chinese prehistoricarchaeology" and "the historical witness of cultural exchange between China andthe west". It has been listed as one of the 100 major sites under nationalcultural relics protection. It was also selected as "one of the 100 mostsignificant archaeological discoveries of Chinese civilization" by NationalGeographic and Chinese heritage magazine.
Shuidonggou is also a Grand View Garden of military defense buildings suchas the Great Wall, beacon, Castle, ditch, Tibetan cave, Grand Canyon and pier inMing Dynasty. It is the only three-dimensional military defense system of thegreat wall that has been preserved most completely in China. Shuidonggou is 19kilometers away from Yinchuan, the capital, and only 15 minutes' drive away fromthe airport. Yinqing Expressway and auxiliary road pass through the scenic convenient transportation, Shuidonggou has the advantage of being close tothe city and far away from downtown.
If culture is the soul of Shuidonggou, then innovation is the driving forcefor its development. There are many sites in China. However, on the basis of thevisiting function of traditional museums, innovative elements of artistry,literariness and high technology are integrated. Shuidonggou is the only donggou Heritage Museum displays 270 degree super large half view paintings,real scenes, phantom images and other forms, Combined with the application ofthe world's most advanced sound, light, electricity, adjustable seismic platformand other technologies, it truly reproduces the production scenes of ancientpeople's happy fishing and hunting life and stone making thirty thousand yearsago, as well as the shocking disaster scenes of torrential rains, floods,landslides and so on. The aesthetic and lifelike scenes are shocking. Theartistic conception makes tourists quickly integrate into the thirty thousandyear life scenes, Thirty thousand years is a long time, but in ShuidonggouMuseum, time is no longer a distance. High technology makes you realize thirtythousand years in an instant.
It has created a new form of Museum exhibition in China. It is the only andlargest indoor audience interactive dynamic experience exhibition hall in China,and has become a highlight of Shuidonggou.
The magic of Shuidonggou lies in that it is not only a place where ancienthuman beings lived and thrived 30000 years ago, but also an important militarydefense area in the Ming Dynasty. There are many places with great wall inChina. However, Shuidonggou is the only one with a three-dimensional militarydefense system composed of great wall, gully, Castle and steep Grand Canyon, aswell as the Tibetans' cave dug along the cliff of the canyon, The cangbing cave,which is spread all over the cliff of the gorge, has a grand scene and wonderfuldesign. The tunnel, mechanism, concealed weapon, lookout tower, weapons depot,water well, general's rest room, conference hall, kitchen and other facilitiesare all available in the cave. Here you can visit and experience the thrill andexcitement of tunnel warfare in Ming Dynasty, the cruelty of war and theintelligence of the Ming garrison, It greatly satisfies the curiosity andcuriosity of tourists. It has become another highlight of Shuidonggou.
Shuidonggou's means of transportation are also very distinctive. Cruiseships, donkey carts and camel carts are very leisurely. When you travel inShuidonggou, you will forget the hustle and bustle of the city and thecomplexity of your mind, and go on like this all the time. Beautiful, bright,safe, leisurely, remote, quiet, harmonious, outside the city, outside thevillage of Shuidonggou, is absolutely tourists flying mood, enjoy the freedom ofleisure tourism holy land.
A half day scenic spot, from 30000 years to 500 years; from prehistoricculture to frontier military culture; from Earth forest landscape to GaoxiaPinghu; from desert border to Jiangnan beauty, it can be called magic!
Shuidonggou ancient human cultural site is located in Shuidonggou village,Linhe Town, Lingwu City, Ningxia, 19 kilometers away from Yinchuan City,covering an area of 7.8 square kilometers. In 1923, French paleontologists deRijin and sang Zhihua discovered here. Through excavation, a large number ofstone tools and animal fossils were unearthed. As a result, Shuidonggou hasbecome the earliest Paleolithic cultural site in China, known as "the birthplaceof Chinese prehistoric archaeology", "the historical witness of culturalexchanges between China and the west", and listed as one of the "100archaeological discoveries with the most significance of Chinesecivilization".
In 1988, it was announced by the State Council as a "national key culturalrelics protection unit". In August 20__, it was announced as a national July 20__, Shuidonggou scenic spot became a national AAAAA scenic spot.
Shuidonggou is one of the earliest excavated Paleolithic sites in China,which contains rich and precious prehistoric materials. It is listed as one ofthe major sites in the national "Eleventh Five Year Plan" cultural relicsprotection plan. It is the only Paleolithic site officially excavated in theYellow River area in China so far.
Over the past 80 years, through five archaeological excavations, more than30000 stone tools and 67 fossil animals have been unearthed in g them, some stone products, tools and stone making and repairingtechniques, which form the basis of Shuidonggou culture, can be compared withthe stone tools of moste and orina periods in Europe, West Asia and NorthAfrica. In particular, a large number of lewalowa stone cores unearthed areclose to the ancient orina culture in Europe. For this phenomenon of distantdistance and cultural similarity, foreign famous archaeologists believe that itis "the assimilation effect of human long-distance migration".
In addition to stone artifacts, animal bones and fire relics, nearly 100pieces of exquisite ring ornaments were unearthed in 20__. The ornaments aremade of ostrich egg skin and bone slices. They are round in shape, with an outerdiameter of about 8 mm. They are made by cutting and grinding. Small holes aredrilled in the middle, with an aperture of 2-3 mm. Some of them are 4 mm, andsome of them have been dyed with mineral pigments.
Complete, incomplete, finished products, semi-finished products of varioustypes have been found. These ornaments are small and standard, which are themost exquisite among the Paleolithic relics found in China, greatly enrich theconnotation of Shuidonggou culture, and provide important information for thestudy of human productivity, behavior mode and aesthetic ability at thattime.
The culture represented by Shuidonggou site plays an important role inexpounding the origin of regional stone technology tradition, the excavation andvariation of ancient culture, and the migration, diffusion and exchange of laterenewal human beings in Northeast Asia. It is of great significance to thecomparative study of eastern and Western cultures more than 30000 years ago.
Time sometimes buries everything, time sometimes reappears everything. Upto now, Shuidonggou is still the earliest known human cultural site in the continuous progress of archaeological excavation technology and thecontinuous deepening of its research, new discoveries will still emerge inendlessly.
Shuidonggou is the earliest Paleolithic cultural site excavated in China,known as "the birthplace of Chinese prehistoric archaeology" and "the historicalwitness of cultural exchange between China and the west". It is a national AAAAtourist attraction, a national key cultural relic protection unit and a nationalgeopark. It has been listed as one of the 100 cultural relics under nationalprotection and one of the 100 archaeological discoveries with the mostsignificance of Chinese civilization by the state; it has won the silver awardof "50 Places in China most worthy of foreigners to visit"; it is the onlythree-dimensional military defense system of the Great Wall with the mostcomplete preservation in China.
Shuidonggou site tourism area is located in Linhe Town, Lingwu City,Ningxia, 19 kilometers west of Yinchuan City, 30 kilometers south of LingwuCity, 11 kilometers away from Hedong airport. It is located in the core ofYinchuan Hedong tourism belt, and connects with Ordos City in Inner Mongolia inthe north. It is the link connecting Ningxia and Inner Mongolia tourism,covering an area of 7.8 square kilometers.
Shuidonggou site records the historical witness of ancient humanreproduction and struggle with nature, and contains rich and preciousprehistoric data. It is the only Paleolithic site officially excavated in theYellow River area in China so far. Over the past 80 years, after sixarchaeological excavations, more than 30000 stone tools and 67 fossil animalshave been unearthed in Shuidonggou.
Among them, some stone products, tools and stone making and repairingtechniques, which form the basis of Shuidonggou culture, can be compared withthe stone tools of moste and orina periods in Europe, West Asia and NorthAfrica. In particular, a large number of lewalowa stone cores unearthed areclose to the shape of orina culture, which is quite ancient in Europe.
For this phenomenon of distant distance and cultural similarity, foreignfamous archaeologists believe that it is "the assimilation effect of humanlong-distance migration". The culture represented by Shuidonggou site plays animportant role in expounding the origin of regional stone technology tradition,the excavation and variation of ancient culture, and the migration, diffusionand exchange of late renewal human beings in Northeast Asia. It is of greatsignificance to the comparative study of eastern and Western cultures more than30000 years ago.
Located in Linhe Town, Lingwu City, Ningxia, Shuidonggou site tourist areais 19 km away from Yinchuan City in the west, 30 km away from Lingwu City in thesouth, and 11 km away from Hedong airport. It is located in the core of YinchuanHedong tourist belt and connects Ordos City in Inner Mongolia in the North. Itis the link connecting Ningxia and Inner Mongolia tourism, covering an area of7.8 square kilometers.
Shuidonggou is the earliest Paleolithic cultural site excavated in China,known as "the birthplace of Chinese prehistoric archaeology" and "the historicalwitness of cultural exchange between China and the west". It is a national keycultural relic protection unit, a national AAAA tourist attraction and anational geopark. It is listed by the state as one of the 100 cultural relicsunder national protection and one of the "100 archaeological discoveries withthe most significance of Chinese civilization". He won the silver award of "the50 most worthy places for foreigners in China".
Dear tourists
Welcome to Ningxia for sightseeing. First of all, please allow me tointroduce Ningxia to you.
Ningxia is located in the northwest inland area of the motherland, in themiddle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, with a total land area of 66400square kilometers. Now it has jurisdiction over Yinchuan and Shizuishan, Yinnanand Guyuan, Wuzhong, Qingtongxia and Lingwu, 6 districts and 15 counties. Thepopulation of the whole region is 5.36 million.
Ningxia is the only Hui Autonomous Region in China, and the Hui populationaccounts for about 1 / 3 of the total population of the region. Hui peoplebelieve in Islam, and there are more than 3000 large and small mosques in thewhole autonomous region, so Ningxia is also known as the "hometown of Muslims"in China.
(history and Culture)
Ningxia is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. The excavationof Shuidonggou site in Lingwu City on the Bank of the Yellow River shows thathuman beings lived and multiplied in the Paleolithic age 30000 years ago. In theQin Dynasty, it belonged to Beidi County, where the Qin army garrisoned thefrontier to fight against the Huns. In Han Dynasty, it was divided into twoparts: Shuofang and Ciliang. In the Tang Dynasty, the economy of agriculture andanimal husbandry was greatly developed. At the beginning of the 11th century,the Dangxiang nationality took Ningxia as the center, established the Xixiaregime and created the splendid Xixia Culture. After the Yuan Dynasty destroyedXixia, Ningxia Province was set up, which means "pacify Xixia forever", so itbegan to have the name of Ningxia. In the Ming Dynasty, Ningxia Wei wasreformed, and in the Qing Dynasty, Gansu Province was established. NingxiaProvince was founded in 1928. In 1654, the provincial system was abolished anddivided into Inner Mongolia and Gansu provinces. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regionwas established in 1958.
Ningxia is located in the transitional zone between the Central Plainsculture and grassland culture, and also the blending zone of Hetao culture andthe silk road. The ancient and far-reaching Yellow River culture, distinctiveIslamic culture, unique Xixia Culture, distinctive immigrant culture and richand broad frontier cultural tools have left many precious relics and explorationopportunities for future generations in this magical land The mystery of theworld.
(topography and climate)
Tourists, the terrain of Ningxia is high in the South and low in the tains and plateaus account for about 3 / 4 of the whole area. The rest isplain area, of which desert accounts for 8% of the area of Ningxia. In terms ofterrain distribution, from north to South are Helan Mountain, Ningxia Plain,Ordos grassland, Loess Plateau, Liupan Mountain, etc., with an average altitudeof more than 1000 meters. The Helan Mountains in the North stretch for 250kilometers and become the natural barrier of Ningxia Plain, while the lushLiupan Mountains in the south. The ancient Yellow River flows northward throughthe central and northern parts of Ningxia, with a total flow of 397 kilometersin Ningxia and 12 counties and cities. The Ningxia section of the Yellow Riverhas a wide water surface and is irrigated and cultivated. Their hard work hasmade Ningxia a beautiful "south of the Yangtze River" with crisscross ditches,fragrant rice and fish, fragrant melons and fruits. This can be confirmed by thepoem of the Tang Dynasty poet "orchards under Helan Mountain, old famous innorthern and southern China".
In addition, Ningxia is located in a high latitude, with large temperaturedifference between day and night, relatively high temperature of direct sunlightduring the day, significantly lower temperature of residual heat of air swept atnight, and about 15 ℃ temperature difference between day and night in rainy season is concentrated in summer, but the precipitation is xia's sky is bright, "blue sky, white clouds floating, white clouds underthe horse run" is a true portrayal of Ningxia's weather and customs.
(Tourism Landscape)
Various types of natural landscape and eclectic multi-culturalcharacteristics bring rich tourism resources to Ningxia. As "the last virginland of China's tourism", Ningxia has been favored by tourists at home andabroad in recent years. When you come to Ningxia for tourism, you can enjoy its"six characteristics" from different angles: Ancient Yellow River culture,majestic desert scenery, mysterious Xixia Dynasty, rich homecoming customs,charming six scenes, and beautiful south of the Great Wall. There are Xixiamausoleum known as "Oriental pyramid", 108 towers, the largest lama stylearchitectural complex in China, Helan Mountain rock painting, the Pearl of sandsea, Shapotou, and Shahu Lake, which is rated as one of China's 35 ace touristattractions by the National Tourism Administration. At present, some specialtourism projects have been developed, such as riding on sheep skin rafts,crossing the Tengger Desert by camel, imitating the ancient style of Xixia, Huicustoms, sand lake bird watching, walking on the Great Wall, ecologicalagriculture sightseeing and so on. The tour of Ningxia has many points, a widerange, a long line, such as songs, poems, and paintings, giving people uniqueenjoyment.
(Hui customs)
Tourists, when they come to Ningxia, they should especially accept thecustoms of the Hui people, because Ningxia is the area with the largest numberof Hui people in China (the number of Hui people in China's 55 ethnic minoritiesis second only to Zhuang people). Let's talk about the Hui people's beliefs,programs, customs, emergencies and costumes.
Hui people believe in Islam, so they have a close relationship with ng the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese Islamic scholars introduced Islamicdoctrines in terms of "purity and pollution", "truth is the only one", "supremelove and truth" and "Allah's original supremacy is called halal". Ancient Islamwas also known as "halal religion". Islamic mosque is called "mosque", Muslimfood is called "halal food", Muslim restaurants and food stores are used to usethe word "Qingzhen" as a sign. There are more than 3000 mosques in Ningxia, allover the country. According to the requirements of the ancient x Sutra, HuiMuslims should observe five tasks, namely, recitation (prayer), ritual(worship), fasting (fasting), lesson (donation) and pilgrimage (pilgrimage).
Islam's Eid al Fitr, guerbang Festival and holy Ji Festival are also thethree major festivals of Hui Muslims. As the name suggests, Eid al Fitr is thefirst day after the end of Ramadan. It is 70 days after Eid al Fitr. The Arabicword "gurbang" means killing animals, so it is also called Eid al Fitr. The holyseason is held on the 12th of March every year to commemorate the birth ofMuhammad __, the founder of Islam.
The Hui nationality is also deeply influenced by Islam in birth naming,marriage and funeral. After the birth of the Hui children, they should be namedafter the imam, which is called "Jing Ming". After fulfilling the legalprocedures, the Imam presided over the ceremony, recited the ancient x Sutra andtestified the marriage of the Hui youth. Three days later, the bride and groomgo back to their parents' home, which is called "return door". The Hui people'sfuneral is an earth burial, which advocates plain burial instead of r the body is washed, it is wrapped in white cloth and buried in the earthcave. Relatives first meet seven, and then meet the annual sacrifice. Hui peoplehave good health habits. Before worship, they have to take a bath. "Xiaojing"washes their hair, hands and feet with a soup bottle, "Dajing" washes theirwhole body with a hanging jar. The courtyard of Hui nationality is clean andorderly. The bucket used to carry water is buckled on the stone slab, and thebucket used to lift water from the well is hung on the wall and cannot fall tothe ground.
Hui people avoid idolatry. Fasting of dead animals, blood, pigs, horses,donkeys, mules, dogs and other non ruminant animals. The Hui people take martialarts and fitness as their virtue, so most of them have a long life.
In terms of clothing, most Hui men wear small white or black hats, whichare called worship hats. Women usually wear a white cap or cap without edge tocover their hair. Girls usually wear green, married women wear black, and theelderly wear white. Hui women like to wear earrings, rings, bracelets andheadwear.
(specialty and flavor)
Tourists, the specialty and flavor of Ningxia can be summed up in twosentences: "Wu Baoyao is a tourist, long thought, long thought, do not want toreturn."
Ningxia's special products, which want to be praised by the world, aremedlar, licorice, helanshi, tanyangpi and Nostoc flagelliforme. They are calledfive treasures because of their red, yellow, blue, white and black um barbarum timely Chinese medicine boutique, advantage kidney health rice is praised as "the king of traditional Chinese medicine". The inkstonemade of Helan stone is not only a practical product of the four treasures of thestudy, but also a precious craft collection. Ningxia Tan sheep is one of theexcellent fur sheep in China. It is usually made of Tan sheep lambs' second furfor about one month. Its excellent quality and unique style are well-known athome and abroad. Nostoc flagelliforme is one of the "eight treasures", which hasboth edible function and medicinal value. However, digging Nostoc flagelliformewill seriously damage the environment and lead to land efore, Nostoc flagelliforme has been listed as a national first-class keyprotected and managed wild sand fixing plant, and its collection and sale areprohibited.
The local flavor of Ningxia is unique because it has Chinese traditionalflavor. Its halal flavor snacks are not only cherished by the majority ofMuslims, but also enjoyed by people of all ethnic groups. They are fragrant withoil, crispy and crisp Sanzi, as well as the most distinctive beverage, Gaiwantea. Muslim chefs also created a series of Muslim dishes, such as bowl steamedsheep, instant boiled mutton, crystal sheep head, stewed beef tendon, braisedmutton, pan fried duck, pigeon egg steamed vegetables, sweet and sour YellowRiver carp and so on. Among them, "eight bowls", the Hui people's feast withstew as the main dish, is the Hui people's festive feast. Ningxia snacks alsoinclude beef and mutton, Tuanbao, niangpizi, Hui rape, niuganba, etc., withvarious names and characteristics. There is a snack street in the downtown areaof Yinchuan. Tourists may as well go through the streets and enjoy it.
Dear tourists, this is the general situation of Ningxia. Maybe after youtake you to Ningxia, you will feel the same sigh as me: Ningxia is the mostbeautiful after you travel all over the mountains and rivers!
Shuidonggou is the earliest Paleolithic site excavated in China. It is anational key cultural relic protection unit, a national AAAAA scenic spot and anational geopark. It is known as "the birthplace of Chinese prehistoricarchaeology" and "the historical witness of cultural exchange between China andthe west". It has been listed as one of the 100 major sites under nationalcultural relics protection. It was also selected as "one of the 100 mostsignificant archaeological discoveries of Chinese civilization" by NationalGeographic and Chinese heritage magazine. Shuidonggou is also a Grand ViewGarden of military defense buildings such as the Great Wall, beacon, Castle,ditch, Tibetan cave, Grand Canyon and pier in Ming Dynasty. It is the onlythree-dimensional military defense system of the great wall that has beenpreserved most completely in China. Shuidonggou is 19 kilometers away fromYinchuan, the capital, and only 15 minutes' drive away from the airport. YinqingExpressway and auxiliary road pass through the scenic area. With convenienttransportation, Shuidonggou has the advantage of being close to the city and faraway from downtown.
If culture is the soul of Shuidonggou, then innovation is the driving forcefor its development. There are many sites in China. However, on the basis of thevisiting function of traditional museums, innovative elements of artistry,literariness and high technology are integrated. Shuidonggou is the only donggou Heritage Museum displays 270 degree super large halfview paintings,real scenes, phantom imaging and other display forms, combined with the world'smost popular scenic spots The application of advanced sound, light, electricity,adjustable seismic platform and other technologies can truly reproduce theproduction scenes of ancient people's happy fishing and hunting life and stonemaking, as well as the shocking disaster scenes of rainstorm, flood, mountaincollapse, etc. thirty thousand years ago. The aestheticism and realism of thescenes are shocking. The artistic conception makes tourists quickly integrateinto the life scenes of thirty thousand years, and thirty thousand years laterIt's a long time ago, but in Shuidonggou Museum, time is no longer a technology allows you to travel for 30000 years in an instant. It hascreated a new form of Museum exhibition in China. It is the only and largestindoor audience interactive dynamic experience exhibition hall in China, and hasbecome a highlight of Shuidonggou.
The magic of Shuidonggou lies in that it is not only a place where ancienthuman beings lived and thrived 30000 years ago, but also an important militarydefense area in the Ming Dynasty. There are many places with great wall inChina. However, the three-dimensional military defense system composed of greatwall, trench, Castle and steep grand Canyon, as well as the Tibetans' cave dugalong the cliff of the canyon, is unique in Shuidonggou, which covers the wholecanyon The cangbing cave on the wall is grand in scene and wonderful in e are all kinds of facilities in the cave, such as tunnels, organs,concealed weapons, lookout tower, weapons depot, water well, general's restroom, conference hall and kitchen. Here you can visit and experience the thrilland excitement of tunnel warfare in Ming Dynasty, the cruelty of war and theintelligence of garrison in Ming Dynasty. You can experience and understand itfrom zero distance, and you will be very satisfied Full of tourists' curiosityand thirst for knowledge. It has become another highlight of Shuidonggou.
Shuidonggou's means of transportation are also very distinctive. Cruiseships, donkey carts and camel carts are very leisurely. When you travel inShuidonggou, you will forget the hustle and bustle of the city and thecomplexity of your mind, and go on like this all the time. Beautiful, bright,safe, leisurely, remote, quiet, harmonious, outside the city, outside thevillage of Shuidonggou, is absolutely tourists flying mood, enjoy the freedom ofleisure tourism holy land.
A half day scenic spot, from 30000 years to 500 years; from prehistoricculture to frontier military culture; from Earth forest landscape to GaoxiaPinghu; from desert border to Jiangnan beauty, it can be called magic!
Dear tourists, welcome to visit the Shuidonggou ancient human culturalsite. Shuidonggou site is located in Shuidonggou village, Linhe Town, LingwuCity, Ningxia. It is 30 kilometers away from Lingwu City in the south, 19kilometers away from Yinchuan City in the west, 11 kilometers away from Hedongairport, and connected with Ejian banner of Inner Mongolia in the north,covering an area of 7.8 square kilometers. Scientific research found thatShuidonggou area is the holy land of human reproduction 30000 years ago. In1923, French paleontologists de Rijin and sang Zhihua discovered a prehistoriccultural site here. Through excavation, a large number of stone tools and animalfossils were unearthed. Therefore, Shuidonggou became the earliest Paleolithiccultural site in China, known as "the birthplace of Chinese prehistoricarchaeology" and "the historical witness of cultural exchanges between China andthe west". In 1988, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protectionunit, and in 20__, it was rated as AAAAA tourist attraction by the NationalTourism Administration.
Dear tourists, Shuidonggou site records the historical witness of ancienthuman reproduction and struggle with nature, and contains rich and preciousprehistoric materials. It is the only Paleolithic site officially excavated inthe Yellow River area in China so far. Over the past 80 years, through sixarchaeological excavations, more than 30000 stone tools and 67 fossil animalshave been unearthed in Shuidonggou. Among them, some stone products, tools andstone making and repairing techniques, which form the basis of Shuidonggouculture, can be compared with the stone tools of moste and orina periods inEurope, West Asia and North Africa. In particular, a large number of lewalowastone cores unearthed are close to the shape of orina culture, which is quiteancient in Europe. For this phenomenon of distant distance and culturalsimilarity, foreign famous archaeologists believe that it is "the assimilationeffect of human long-distance migration". The culture represented by Shuidonggousite plays an important role in the study of the origin of regional stonetechnology tradition, the excavation and variation of ancient culture, and themigration, diffusion and exchange of late renewal human beings in NortheastAsia. It is of great significance to the comparative study of eastern andWestern cultures more than 30000 years ago.
Dear tourists, Shuidonggou area is also a Grand View Garden of militarydefense buildings in northern China, such as the Ming Dynasty Great Wall,beacon, Castle, gully, pier, etc. In the nature reserve, the great wall windingeastward, the mound and Hough towering on the high platform, the simple andmysterious castle, and the winding and deep ditch make people dizzy. It makespeople think of the heroic scene of "the first soldiers holding spears to fightagainst the base, and the general pulling out Swords to chase Hu soldiers"donggou is located in the southern margin of Ordos platform. The Yadanlandform created by nature makes it full of powerful and peculiar charm ofbarren valley. After tens of millions of years of wind and sand carving anderosion, there are more than 20 unique native forest landscapes, such as ghostcity, wotuoling, motianya, duanyungu, Tamarix Valley, etc., which make peoplemarvel at the sight and sigh at the end of time. After more than two years ofdevelopment and construction, Shuidonggou tourist area has become a tourist areaintegrating tourism, scientific investigation, leisure and entertainment, andmilitary exploration. With the opening of Shuidonggou site museum, Shuidonggouscenic area has added new highlights.
Dear tourist friends, now we come to the most mysterious Tibetan soldiercave in Shuidonggou. Now we see a black hole on the cliff, which is the famousTibetan soldier cave. The so-called Tibetan soldier cave is a tunnel where thegarrison of hongshanbao turns from the ground to the ground, conceals the army,protects itself, waits for an opportunity to attack, or sets up an ambush in anopen place. This is the only and most complete ancient three-dimensionalmilitary defense system in China. In the defense system of the great wall of ourcountry, the Great Wall, the castle and the underground hiding soldier cave areclosely linked, but they are not in the whole country. This is the onlyplace.
The Tibetans cave, now in front of you, is the earliest tunnel warfare siteand prototype in China. If we can say that the tunnel warfare between the EighthRoute Army and the guerrillas during the Anti Japanese war can make the enemyscared, we can imagine that more than 500 years ago, the frontier garrison ofthe Ming Dynasty blocked the invaders out of the Great Wall with the same wisdomand courage. In the past, due to the lack of development, there was no conditionto enter the cave for sightseeing. People only know that the road of zangbingcave is like a labyrinth. In addition, the cave roof collapses, many places arecovered by soil, there are traps in the cave, and there may be snakes andscorpions. Therefore, people dare not go far into the cave. No one can tellexactly what is inside the cave. In this way, the cave becomes a very mysteriousplace for people to fear.
Now, we can safely go in and have a good look, but you must follow me andfollow the route guided by the signs to prevent you from getting lost and unableto get out.
We should be extra careful and pay attention to safety!
Dear tourists, now we come to Shuidonggou Ruins Museum. The museum, with aconstruction area of 4308 square meters and a shape similar to the stone toolsunearthed from Shuidonggou, is the only theme museum in Northwest China todisplay the cultural features of the Paleolithic age. On the basis of thevisiting function of traditional museums, it integrates artistic, literary andhigh-tech elements. With 270 degree super large halfview, real scene, phantomimaging and other display forms, combined with the application of the world'smost advanced sound, light, electricity, adjustable seismic platform and othertechnologies, it truly reproduces the happy fishing and hunting life of ancientpeople 30000 years ago, the production scene of making stone tools, and theheart shaking disaster scenes such as rainstorm, flood, landslides, etc., withbeautiful and realistic images The artistic conception makes tourists quicklyintegrate into the 30000 year life scene. 30000 years is a long time, but inShuidonggou Museum, time is no longer a distance. High technology allows you totravel 30000 years in an instant. It creates a new form of Museum exhibition inChina, and is the only and largest indoor audience's interactive experiencePavilion in China.
各位游客：
欢迎大家到宁夏来观光旅游。首先请允许我向各位介绍一下宁夏概况。
宁夏位于祖国的西北内陆地区，黄河中上游，全区土地面积6.64万平方公里，现辖银川、石嘴山两个地级市，银南、固原两个地区，吴忠、青铜峡、灵武3个县级市和6各辖区，15各县。全区人口536万。
宁夏是我国唯一一个回族自治区，回族人口约占全区总人口的1/3。回民信仰伊斯兰教，全自治区有大、小清真寺3000多座，因此宁夏又被称为中国的“穆斯林之乡”。
(历史文化)
宁夏是中华文明的发祥地之一。黄河岸边的灵武市“水洞沟遗址”发掘表明，在3万年前的旧石器时代就有人类在此繁衍生息。秦代时属北地郡，秦军在此屯垦戍边，抗击匈奴。汉代时又分为朔方和西凉刺史两部。唐代时属关内道，农牧经济得到了很大的发展。11世纪初，党项族以宁夏为中心，建立了西夏政权，并创造了灿烂的西夏文化。元灭西夏后，设宁夏行省，取“平定西夏永远安宁”之意，于是便开始有了宁夏的名称。明改制宁夏卫，清属甘肃省。1920xx年建宁夏省。1654年又撤销省建制，分归内蒙古、甘肃省管辖。1958年成立宁夏回族自治区。
宁夏地处中原文化与草原文化的过渡地带，又是河套文化与丝绸之路的交融区，古老深远的黄河文化、特色鲜明的伊斯兰文化、独一无二的西夏文化、颇具特色的移民文化和浓郁粗旷的边塞文化工具在这块神奇的土地上，从而为后人留下了许多珍贵的遗迹和探寻不尽的奥秘。
(地形和气候)
游客们，宁夏地势南高北低，山地、高原约占全区的3/4，剩下的就是平原地区，其中沙漠占宁夏面积的8%。从地形分布来看，自北向南为贺兰山地、宁夏平原、鄂尔多斯草原、黄土高原、六盘山地等，平均海拔在1000米以上。北面的贺兰山脉绵亘250公里成了宁夏平原的天然屏障，南边则为郁郁葱葱的六盘山脉。古老的黄河穿越宁夏中北部地区向北流淌，在宁夏境内总流程达397公里，流经12个县市。黄河宁夏段水面宽阔，灌溉垦殖，他们的辛勤劳动使宁夏成了沟渠纵横、稻香鱼肥、瓜果飘香、风光秀美的“塞上江南”。这从唐代诗人“贺兰山下果园成，塞北江南旧有名”的诗句中就可得到印证。
南高北低的地形决定了宁夏南寒北暖的气候，此外，宁夏地处高纬度，昼夜温差大，白天太阳直射温度相对较高，晚间气流扫射余热温度明显降低，夏日昼夜温差在15度左右。雨季集中在夏季，但降水量不大。宁夏的天是明朗的天，“蓝蓝的天上白云飘，白云下面马儿跑”是宁夏天气和风情的真切写照。
(旅游景观)
类型多样的自然景观，兼收并蓄的多元文化特色，带给了宁夏丰富的旅游资源。作为“中国旅游最后的处女地”，近几年来，宁夏备受海内外游客的青睐。来宁夏旅游，可从不同角度去欣赏其“六大特色”——古老的黄河文化、雄浑的大漠风光、神秘的西夏王朝、浓郁的回乡风情、迷人的六盘盛景、美丽的塞上江南。这里有被誉为“东方金字塔”的西夏王陵，有中国最大的喇嘛式建筑群“一百零八塔”，有人类原始造型艺术“贺兰山岩画”，有沙海明珠“沙坡头”，以及被国家旅游局评为中国35个王牌旅游景点之一的沙湖等。现已开发坐羊皮筏子常有黄河，骑骆驼穿越腾格里沙漠以及西夏仿古、回族风情、沙湖观鸟、徒步长城、生态农业观光等特殊旅游项目。宁夏之旅，点多、面广、线长，如歌、如诗、如画，给人以独特的享受。
(回族风情)
游客们，来到宁夏，特别要向大家接受的是回族风情，因为宁夏是中国回族聚居最多的地区(回族在我国55个少数民族中人数仅次于壮族，位居第二)。我们还是从回族的信仰、节目、习俗、紧急、服饰来谈起吧。
回族多信仰伊斯兰教，因此，与伊斯兰教的关系十分密切。明清时期，中国伊斯兰教学者介绍伊斯兰教义，会用“清净污染”、“真乃独一”、“至情至真”和“真主原有独尊，谓之清真”等语，古伊斯兰教又称“清真教”。伊斯兰教礼拜寺叫做“清真寺”，穆斯林制作的食品称作“清真食品”，穆斯林开设的饭店和食品店习惯用“情真”二字作为标记。宁夏现有清真寺3000多座，遍布山川城乡。回族穆斯林按《古x经》的要求要遵守五项功课，即念(祈祷)、礼(礼拜)、斋(斋戒)、课(捐赠)、朝(朝觐)五功。
伊斯兰教的开斋节、古尔邦节和圣纪节，也是回族穆斯林的三大节日。开斋节，顾名思义，即斋月期满后的第一天。古尔邦节在开斋后70天，阿拉伯语“古尔邦”是宰牲的意思，故又称宰牲节。圣纪节，每年教历三月十二日，为纪念伊斯兰教的创始人穆罕诞生而举行。
回族在出生命名、婚嫁、丧葬等方面，也深受伊斯兰教的影响。回族的小孩出生后，要阿訇命名，谓之“经名”。回族青年的婚姻，在履行法定手续后，由阿訇主持仪式，诵读《古x经》，为其证婚。三天后，新郎新娘回娘家，叫做“回门”。回族丧葬为土葬，主张素葬，不用棺木，遗体净洗后以白布包裹，埋于土穴中。亲人先逢七、后逢年祭之。回族有良好的卫生习惯，礼拜前要进行沐浴，“小净”用汤瓶洗头、手、脚等处，“大净”用吊罐洗浴全身。回族庭院整齐干净，井然有序。挑水用的桶倒扣在石板上，从井里提水用的桶挂在墙上，不能落地。
回族忌偶像崇拜。禁食自死物、血，猪、马、驴、骡、狗等不反刍的动物。回族以习武健身为美德，故多高寿者。
在服饰上，回族男子多戴无沿小白帽或黑帽，称为礼拜帽。女的一般戴无沿撮口白帽或盖头，将头发遮掩起来。盖头，少女一般带绿色，已婚妇女则戴黑色，老年人戴白色。回族妇女喜欢佩戴耳环、戒指、手镯和头饰。
(特产和风味)
游客们，宁夏的特产和风味可用两句话来概括：“吴宝耀花游人眼，长思长想不思归。”
想为世人称道的宁夏特产当推枸杞、甘草、贺兰石、滩羊皮、发菜，因其颜色分别为红、黄、蓝、白、黑而被称为五宝。枸杞及时中药精品，优势益肾健体的食品。甘草被赞为“中药之王”。用贺兰石制作的砚台，不仅是文房四宝的实用品，而且是珍贵的工艺收藏品。宁夏滩羊是我国优良裘用绵羊之一，通常制球用一个月左右的滩羊羔皮“二毛皮”，其优良的品质和独特的风格驰名海内外。发菜是“八珍”之一，既有食用功能，又有药用价值，但采挖发菜会严重破坏环境，导致土地沙化，因此发菜已被列为国家一级重点保护、管理的野生固沙植物，禁止采集和销售。
宁夏的地方风味因兼有中国传统风味而独树一帜。其清真风味小吃不仅为广大穆斯林所珍爱，各族人民也无不愿一尝为快，有外焦里嫩的油香、焦酥香脆的馓子，还有最具特色的饮料盖碗茶。清真厨师们还创造出碗蒸羊、涮羊肉、水晶羊头、煨牛筋、红烧羊肉、锅烧填鸭、鸽蛋蒸菜、糖醋黄河鲤鱼等一系列清真菜，其中以烩为主的回民筵席“八大碗”则是回民喜庆宴请的主菜。宁夏小吃还有牛羊杂碎、团馍、酿皮子、回族油菜、牛干巴等，名目繁多，各具特色。银川市中心地段设有小吃一条街，游客们不妨走街串巷，前去品尝，一饱口福。
各位游客，宁夏概况就介绍到此。也许带游罢宁夏，对他从陌生到了解后，您会发出和我同样的感叹：游遍千山万水，还是宁夏最美!
水洞沟景区导游词 水洞沟导游词 1景区入口 各位朋友，欢迎大家来到水洞沟景区参观游览。水洞沟位于宁夏灵武市临河乡一处面南的崖壁上，西距银川市60公里。它是中国第一个被发现的“旧石器时代”遗址，它的发现，结束了中国没有旧石器时代的历史，从此水洞沟遗址成为中国史前考古的发祥地。我们现在走的这一带，其实早在三万年前，这里水草丰美，流淌不息的河水造就了俏丽的峡谷和清澈的湖泊，生活着各种原始动物，当第一次有人类在这里停下他们迁徙的脚步时，世界的命运从此改变。 这里蕴藏着丰富而珍贵的史前资料，被列为国家“”文物保护规划重大遗址之一。也是迄今为止中国在黄河地区唯一经过正式发掘的旧石器时代遗址。 现在我们已经来到了景区大门口，各位抬头看到景区入口处四根门柱顶部是四个人脸的雕塑，粗犷的雕刻，其实是为了刻意显现史前人类的模样，让人骤然产生回归史前穿越时空的感觉。
水洞沟是中国最早发掘的旧石器时代遗址,是全国重点文物保护单位,国家AAAAA级景区,国家地质公园。被誉为"中国史前考古的发祥地""中西文化交流的历史见证"。被国家列为全国文物保护100处重大遗址之一。还被《国家地理》和《中华遗产》杂志联合评选为中国"最具中华文明意义的百项考古发现之一"。
水洞沟还是我国明代长城、烽燧、城堡、沟堑、藏兵洞、大峡谷、墩台等军事防御建筑大观园,是中国目前唯一保存最为完整的长城立体军事防御体系。水洞沟距首府银川19公里,距机场仅15分钟的车程,银青高速及辅道穿景区而过,交通便捷,有近距城市远离闹市的优势。
如果说文化是水洞沟的魂,那么创新是水洞沟发展的动力,全国遗址类的景区有很多,但是在传统博物馆参观性功能的基础上融入艺术性、文学性和高科技的创新元素,唯水洞沟有,水洞沟遗址博物院以270度超大型半景画、实景、幻影成像等展示形式,结合世界最先进的声、光、电、可调式地震平台等技术的运用,真实再现三万年前远古人类其乐融融渔猎生活和打制石器的生产场景以及暴雨倾盆、洪水肆掠、山崩地裂等震撼的灾难场景,场景的唯美和逼真,让人震撼,艺术的构思让游客很快融入三万年的生活场景中,三万年很久远,但在水洞沟博物院时光不再是距离,高科技让您瞬间实现三万年的穿越。
它开创了我国博物馆展示的新形式,是目前国内唯一、面积最大的室内观众介入式动感体验展馆,已成为水洞沟一大亮点。
水洞沟的神奇还在于它不仅是三万年年前远古人类繁衍生息之地,还是我国明代边赛重要的军事防御重地,在我国有长城的地方很多,但是长城、沟堑、城堡与险峻的大峡谷以及沿峡谷绝壁而凿的藏兵洞共同组成的立体军事防御体系,唯水洞沟有,遍布整个峡谷绝壁的藏兵洞,场面宏大,设计绝妙,洞内坑道、机关、暗器、瞭望台、兵器库、水井、将军休息室、议事厅、厨房等设施一应俱全,在这里您可身临其境的参观和体验明代地道战的惊险和刺激,战争的残酷和明代守军的聪明才智在这就可零距离体验和了解,极大满足了游客的好奇心和求知欲。已成为水洞沟的又一大亮点。
水洞沟的交通工具也很有特色,游船、驴车、骆驼车,非常悠然,在水洞沟旅游您会忘了城市的喧闹和心灵的繁杂,任时间就这样一直走下去。美丽、明朗、安然、闲逸、悠远、宁静、和谐,城市之外,乡村之外的水洞沟,绝对是游客放飞心情,享受自由的休闲旅游圣地。
一个景区半日,从三万年到五百年;从史前文化到边塞军旅文化;从土林景观,到高峡平湖;从大漠边关到江南秀色,可谓神奇!
水洞沟古人类文化遗址,位于宁夏灵武市临河镇水洞沟村,距银川市19公里,占地7.8平方公里。民国十二年(1920xx年),由法国古生物学家德日进、桑志华在这里发现,通过发掘,出土了大量石器和动物化石。水洞沟因此而成为中国最早发掘旧石器时代的古人类文化遗址,被誉为"中国史前考古的发祥地"、"中西方文化交流的历史见证",被国家列为"最具中华文明意义的百项考古发现"之一。
1988年被国务院公布为"全国重点文物保护单位"。20xx年8月,被公布为国家地质公园。20xx年7月,水洞沟景区成为国家AAAAA级旅游景区。
水洞沟是中国最早发掘的旧石器时代遗址之一,蕴藏着丰富而珍贵的史前资料,被列为国家""文物保护规划重大遗址之一。它向人们展示了距今3万年前古人类的生存画卷,是迄今为止我国在黄河地区唯一经过正式发掘的旧石器时代遗址。
80多年来,经过5次考古发掘,在水洞沟出土了3万多件石器和67件古动物化石。其中构成水洞沟文化基础的一些石制品、工具及石器制作修理技术,可以和欧洲、西亚、北非的莫斯特、奥瑞纳时期人类栖居地的石器相媲美。尤其是出土的大量勒瓦娄哇石核,与欧洲相当古老的奥瑞纳文化形状接近。对这种地区相隔遥远、文化雷同的现象,外国著名考古专家认为是人类"大距离迁徙的同化影响"。
20xx年的考古发掘中,出土的文物除石制品、动物碎骨和用火遗迹外,这次发掘尤其重要的是还出土了近百枚精美的环状装饰品。装饰品以鸵鸟蛋皮、骨片为原料,圆形,其外径一般在8毫米左右,用琢制和磨制结合的方法做成,中间钻小孔,孔径一般在2—3毫米,个别的有4毫米,有的表面还被矿物质颜料染过色。
完整、残缺、成品、半成品各种类型都有发现。这些装饰品小巧、规范,为目前在中国发现的旧石器时代同类遗物中制作最为精美者,极大地丰富了水洞沟文化的内涵,为研究当时人类的生产力水平、行为模式和审美能力提供了重要的信息。
水洞沟遗址所代表的文化,在阐述区域性石器技术传统的成因、远古文化的发掘和变异,以及晚更新人类在东北亚的迁移、扩散和交流具有重要地位,对3万多年前东西文化的比较研究具有十分重要的意义。
时光有时会埋没一切,时光有时亦会重现一切。直至目前,水洞沟依然是宁夏已知最早的人类文化遗址,随着考古发掘技术的不断进步和对其研究的持续深入,新的发现仍将层出不穷。
水洞沟是中国最早发掘的旧石器时代文化遗址,被誉为"中国史前考古的发祥地"、"中西方文化交流的历史见证"。是国家AAAA级旅游景区,全国重点文物保护单位,国家地质公园。被国家列为全国文物保护的100处大遗址之一、"最具中华文明意义的百项考古发现"之一;荣获"中国最值得外国人去的50个地方"银奖;中国唯一保存最完整的万里长城立体军事防御体系。
水洞沟遗址旅游区位于宁夏灵武市临河镇,西距银川市19公里,南距灵武市30公里,距河东机场11公里,地处银川河东旅游带的核心部位,北与内蒙古鄂尔多斯市相接,是连接宁蒙旅游的纽带,占地面积7.8平方公里。
水洞沟遗址记录了远古人类繁衍生息,同大自然搏斗的历史见证,蕴藏着丰富而珍贵的史前资料。它向人们展示了距今三万年前古人类的生存画卷,是迄今为止我国在黄河地区唯一经过正式发掘的旧石器时代遗址。80多年来,经过六次考古发掘,在水洞沟出土了三万多件石器和67件古动物化石。
其中构成水洞沟文化基础的一些石制品、工具及石器制作修理技术,可以和欧洲、西亚、北非的莫斯特、奥瑞纳时期人类栖居地的石器相媲美。尤其出土的大量勒瓦娄哇石核,与欧洲相当古老的奥瑞纳文化的形状接近。
对这种地区相隔遥远,文化雷同的现象,外国著名考古专家认为是人类"大距离迁徙的同化影响"。水洞沟遗址所代表的文化,在阐述区域性石器技术传统的成因、远古文化的发掘和变异,以及晚更新人类在东北亚的迁移,扩散和交流具有重要地位,对三万多年前东西文化的比较研究具有十分重要的意义。
各位游客朋友，欢迎大家来水洞沟古人类文化遗址参观游览。水洞沟遗址位于宁夏灵武市临河镇水洞沟村，南距灵武市30千米，西距银川市19千米，距离河东机场11千米，北与内蒙古鄂前旗相接，占地面积7.8平方千米。科考发现，水洞沟地区是三万年前人类繁衍生息的圣地。1920xx年，法国古生物学家德日进、桑志华在这里发现了史前文化遗址，通过发掘，出土了大量石器和动物化石，水洞沟因此而成为我国最早发现旧石器时代的古人类文化遗址，被誉为“中国史前考古的发祥地”“中西方文化交流的历史见证”。1988年被列为全国重点文物保护单位，20xx年被国家旅游局评为AAAAA级旅游景区。
各位游客朋友，水洞沟遗址记录了远古人类繁衍生息，同大自然搏斗的历史见证，蕴藏着丰富而珍贵的史前资料。它向人们展示了距今三万年前古人类的生存画卷，是迄今为止我国在黄河地区唯一经过正式发掘的旧石器时代遗址。80多年来，经过六次考古发掘，在水洞沟出土了3万多件石器和67件古动物化石。其中构成水洞沟文化基础的一些石制品、工具及石器制作修理技术，可以和欧洲、西亚、北非的莫斯特、奥瑞纳时期人类栖居地的石器相媲美。尤其出土的大量勒瓦娄哇石核，与欧洲相当古老的奥瑞纳文化的形状接近。对这种地区相隔遥远，文化雷同的现象，外国著名考古专家认为是人类“大距离迁徙的同化影响”。水洞沟遗址所代表的文化，在阐述区域性石器技术传统的成因、远古文化的发掘和变异以及晚更新人类在东北亚的迁移、扩散和交流的研究上具有重要地位，对3万多年前东西文化的比较研究具有十分重要的意义。
各位游客朋友，水洞沟地区又是我国北方明代古长城、烽燧、城堡、沟堑、墩台等军事防御建筑大观园。保护区内，蜿蜒东去的长城、高台耸立的墩堠、古朴神秘的城堡、曲折幽深的沟堑令人目不暇接，让人遥想当年“甲士拥矛驰战垒，将军拔剑逐胡兵”的壮烈场面。水洞沟地处鄂尔多斯台地南缘，大自然造就的雅丹地貌，使这里充满了雄浑、奇特的荒谷神韵，经历了千万年的风沙雕蚀，这里集中了魔鬼城、卧驼岭、摩天崖、断云谷、柽柳沟等二十多处土林奇绝景观，使人望而生奇，顿生地老天荒、旷古玄远之叹。经过两年多的开发建设使水洞沟旅游区已经成为一个集旅游观光、科学考察、休闲娱乐、军事探密于一体的旅游区。随着水洞沟遗址博物馆的开馆，水洞沟景区又增添新的亮点。
各位游客朋友，现在我们来到了水洞沟最神秘的藏兵洞。现在我们看到悬崖上的一个个黑洞，就是著名的藏兵洞。所谓藏兵洞，是红山堡守军由地上转人地下，隐蔽军队，保护自己，伺机出击，或在空旷处设伏兵的地道。这是全国唯一保存最为完整的古代立体军事防御体系。我国的长城防御体系中，有长城、城堡和地下藏兵洞紧密联系在一起的在全国还没有，这里是独一处。
现在展现在大家眼前的藏兵洞，是我国最早的地道战遗址和原型。如果说抗战时期，八路军和游击队的地道战能让敌人胆战心惊，闻风丧胆，那么我们可以想象500多年前，明代的边塞守军也是以同样的智慧和勇敢将侵略者挡在了长城之外。过去，由于没有开发，根本没有进洞游览的条件。人们只知道藏兵洞道路曲折，像迷宫一般，再加上洞顶坍塌，多处被土掩盖，洞内设有陷阱，可能还有蛇蝎盘踞，所以，人们轻易不敢进洞走远。洞内到底是何情景，无人能说得清。这样，藏兵洞就成为一个十分神秘、人们望而生畏的去处。
如今，我们完全可以放心进去一饱眼福，但大家一定要跟着我，按照指示牌所指引的路线走，防止迷路，走不出来。
大家要格外小心，注意安全!
各位游客朋友，现在我们来到了水洞沟遗址博物馆。此馆建筑面积4308平方米，外形仿水洞沟出土的石器，是我国西北地区唯一展示旧石器时代文化面貌的主题博物馆。它在传统博物馆参观性功能的基础上融入艺术性、文学性和髙科技元素。以270度超大型半景画、实景、幻影成像等展示形式，结合世界最先进的声、光、电、可调式地震平台等技术的运用，真实再现了3万年前远古人类其乐融融的渔猎生活、打制石器的生产场景以及暴雨倾盆、洪水肆虐、山崩地裂等震撼人心的灾难场景，影像唯美而逼真，艺术的构思让游客很快融入3万年的生活场景中。3万年很久远，但在水洞沟博物院，时光不再是距离，高科技让您瞬间实现3万年的穿越。它开创了我国博物馆展示的新形式，是目前国内唯一、面积最大的室内观众介人式动感体验展馆。
工具是人力肢体的延伸，是人类得以有效生存的基础。远古的旧石器时代，古人类制作工具的材料以石头为主，较晚出现了骨、角等材料，由于其他材料易腐朽而难于保存。人类留下来的大量石器成为了考古研究者的主要分析材料，他们以此探求古代人类的行为和生存方式。人类开始制造石器工具大约是在250万年左右。
在旧石器时代制作石器最原始的办法，是把一块石头加以敲击或碰击使之形成刃口，即成石器。打制切割用的带有薄刃的石器，则有一定的方法和步骤：先从石块上打下所需要的石片，再把打下的石片加以修整而成石器。初期，石器是用石锤敲击修整的，边缘不太平齐。到了中期，使用木棒或骨棒修整，边缘比较平整了。及至后期，修整技术进一步提高，创造了压制法。压制的工具主要是骨、角或硬木。用压制法修整出来的石器已经比较精细。
到新石器时代，石器制造技术有了很大进步。首先，对石料的选择、切割、磨制、钻孔、雕刻等工序已有一定要求。石料选定后，先打制成石器的雏形，然后把刃部或整个表面放在砺石上加水和沙子磨光。这就成了磨制石器。磨制石器与打制的石器相比，通过打磨增强了石器刃部的锋度，减少了使用时的阻力，使工具能发挥更大的作用。
穿孔技术的发明是石器制作技术上的又一重要成就，穿孔的目的在于制成复合工具，使石制的工具能比较牢固地捆缚在木柄上，便于使用和携带，以提高劳动效率。
原始社会时期生产工具的改进，增强了人们向自然界作斗争的能力，社会生产和生活的天地变得日益广阔起来。但由于当时人们所能支配的物质只不过是石、木、骨、角和利用天然纤维简单加工而成的绳索等，这就限制了工具的创造和发展。
在这里我们仔细观察一下中国的旧石器形状，与后面水洞沟出土的石器比较一下看有什么区别?
水洞沟是中国最早发掘的旧石器时代遗址，是全国重点文物保护单位，国家AAAAA级景区，国家地质公园。被誉为“中国史前考古的发祥地”“中西文化交流的历史见证”。被国家列为全国文物保护100处重大遗址之一。还被《国家地理》和《中华遗产》杂志联合评选为中国“最具中华文明意义的百项考古发现之一”。水洞沟还是我国明代长城、烽燧、城堡、沟堑、藏兵洞、大峡谷、墩台等军事防御建筑大观园，是中国目前唯一保存最为完整的长城立体军事防御体系。水洞沟距首府银川19公里，距机场仅15分钟的车程，银青高速及辅道穿景区而过，交通便捷，有近距城市远离闹市的优势。
如果说文化是水洞沟的魂，那么创新是水洞沟发展的动力，全国遗址类的景区有很多，但是在传统博物馆参观性功能的基础上融入艺术性、文学性和高科技的创新元素，唯水洞沟有，水洞沟遗址博物院以270度超大型半景画、实景、幻影成像等展示形式，结合世界最先进的声、光、电、可调式地震平台等技术的运用，真实再现三万年前远古人类其乐融融渔猎生活和打制石器的生产场景以及暴雨倾盆、洪水肆掠、山崩地裂等震撼的灾难场景，场景的唯美和逼真，让人震撼，艺术的构思让游客很快融入三万年的生活场景中，三万年很久远，但在水洞沟博物院时光不再是距离，高科技让您瞬间实现三万年的穿越。它开创了我国博物馆展示的新形式，是目前国内唯一、面积最大的室内观众介入式动感体验展馆，已成为水洞沟一大亮点。
水洞沟的神奇还在于它不仅是三万年年前远古人类繁衍生息之地，还是我国明代边赛重要的军事防御重地，在我国有长城的地方很多，但是长城、沟堑、城堡与险峻的大峡谷以及沿峡谷绝壁而凿的藏兵洞共同组成的立体军事防御体系，唯水洞沟有，遍布整个峡谷绝壁的藏兵洞，场面宏大，设计绝妙，洞内坑道、机关、暗器、瞭望台、兵器库、水井、将军休息室、议事厅、厨房等设施一应俱全，在这里您可身临其境的参观和体验明代地道战的惊险和刺激，战争的残酷和明代守军的聪明才智在这就可零距离体验和了解，极大满足了游客的好奇心和求知欲。已成为水洞沟的又一大亮点。
水洞沟的交通工具也很有特色，游船、驴车、骆驼车，非常悠然，在水洞沟旅游您会忘了城市的喧闹和心灵的繁杂，任时间就这样一直走下去。美丽、明朗、安然、闲逸、悠远、宁静、和谐，城市之外，乡村之外的水洞沟，绝对是游客放飞心情，享受自由的休闲旅游圣地。
一个景区半日，从三万年到五百年;从史前文化到边塞军旅文化;从土林景观，到高峡平湖;从大漠边关到江南秀色，可谓神奇!
为防御少数民族入侵，明代两百多年间没有停止过对长城的修筑，这段长城长387里，同时，为使敌骑到达时，不宜靠近长城墙体，加强防守，还沿长城外侧挖了44000个“品”字形的深坑。明代于这一带筑长城时，就地取材，多用黄土10至14厘米夯层，其夯筑时之可以沿清水河而筑，更为取水方便，其靠近黄河处，即就近取用河水，黄河水本为紫铜色，长城及其它设施筑成后，呈现紫色，故又有“紫塞”之称。
烽火台 室外
在长城墙体上，每隔150-200米就有个烽火台。专用于军事报警，白天燃烟，夜间举火，依次递相燃放，若见敌
一、二人至百余人，举放一烽一炮;五百人二烽二炮、一千人以上三烽三炮;五千人以上四烽四炮;万人以上五烽五炮。每座烽火台，通常都配备有旗帜、鼓、弩、软梯、炮石、火药、火箭、狼粪、牛粪、柴草等。这样军情很快就可传报到镇或州所。这种古老的报警方式，被誉为“世界上最早的无线电”。
宁夏水洞沟遗址旅游区位于宁夏灵武市临河镇，西距银川市19公里，南距灵武市30公里，距河东机场11公里，地处银川河东旅游带的核心部位，北与内蒙古鄂尔多斯市相接，是连接宁蒙旅游的纽带，占地面积7.8平方公里。
水洞沟是中国最早发掘的旧石器时代文化遗址，被誉为“中国史前考古的发祥地”、“中西方文化交流的历史见证”。是全国重点文物保护单位，国家AAAA级旅游景区，国家地质公园。被国家列为全国文物保护的100处大遗址之一、“最具中华文明意义的百项考古发现”之一。荣获“中国最值得外国人去的50个地方”银奖。
现在我们通过前言了解一下水洞沟文化：水洞沟地区是三万年前人类繁衍生息的圣地。1923年，法国古生物学家德日进、桑志华在这里发现了旧石器时代遗址，出土了大量石器和古生物化石。水洞沟因此而成为我国最早发现的旧石器时代人类文化遗址,成为中国史前考古的发祥地。此后又经过多次考古发掘,出土了五万多件石器和上百件动物化石。其中构成水洞沟文化基础的石制品、工具以及石器制作技术,可以和欧洲、西亚和北非的莫斯特、奥瑞纳时期人类栖居地的石器相媲美。从水洞沟出土的石器、装饰品的制作工艺、精致程度分析，在三万年前，宁夏水洞沟人的生产已达到了同时代最先进、最高水平，使用着领先的、精美的石制工具。这种现象,为我国已发现的旧石器时代晚期文化所仅有。宁夏人民因水洞沟而感到骄傲，中国人民为此而自豪。
水洞沟文化产生于荒蛮，影响于后世。水洞沟遗址博物院通过全面展示史前水洞沟人的生产活动和生活场景，使大家对水洞沟文化遗址有一个较为系统的了解，以增强人们爱护生态环境、保护文物古迹的意识。三万年以前的水洞沟人,会因为我们对他们的关注和珍爱感到欣慰。
各位游客朋友，欢迎大家来水洞沟古人类文化遗址参观游览。水洞沟遗址位于宁夏灵武市临河镇水洞沟村，南距灵武市30千米，西距银川市19千米，距离河东机场11千米，北与内蒙古鄂前旗相接，占地面积7.8平方千米。科考发现，水洞沟地区是三万年前人类繁衍生息的圣地。1920xx年，法国古生物学家德日进、桑志华在这里发现了史前文化遗址，通过发掘，出土了大量石器和动物化石，水洞沟因此而成为我国最早发现旧石器时代的古人类文化遗址，被誉为“中国史前考古的发祥地”“中西方文化交流的历史见证”。1988年被列为全国重点文物保护单位，20xx年被国家旅游局评为AAAAA级旅游景区。
各位游客朋友，水洞沟遗址记录了远古人类繁衍生息，同大自然搏斗的历史见证，蕴藏着丰富而珍贵的史前资料。它向人们展示了距今三万年前古人类的生存画卷，是迄今为止我国在黄河地区唯一经过正式发掘的旧石器时代遗址。80多年来，经过六次考古发掘，在水洞沟出土了3万多件石器和67件古动物化石。其中构成水洞沟文化基础的一些石制品、工具及石器制作修理技术，可以和欧洲、西亚、北非的莫斯特、奥瑞纳时期人类栖居地的石器相媲美。尤其出土的大量勒瓦娄哇石核，与欧洲相当古老的奥瑞纳文化的形状接近。对这种地区相隔遥远，文化雷同的现象，外国著名考古专家认为是人类“大距离迁徙的同化影响”。水洞沟遗址所代表的文化，在阐述区域性石器技术传统的成因、远古文化的发掘和变异以及晚更新人类在东北亚的迁移、扩散和交流的研究上具有重要地位，对3万多年前东西文化的比较研究具有十分重要的意义。
各位游客朋友，水洞沟地区又是我国北方明代古长城、烽燧、城堡、沟堑、墩台等军事防御建筑大观园。保护区内，蜿蜒东去的长城、高台耸立的墩堠、古朴神秘的城堡、曲折幽深的沟堑令人目不暇接，让人遥想当年“甲士拥矛驰战垒，将军拔剑逐胡兵”的壮烈场面。水洞沟地处鄂尔多斯台地南缘，大自然造就的雅丹地貌，使这里充满了雄浑、奇特的荒谷神韵，经历了千万年的风沙雕蚀，这里集中了魔鬼城、卧驼岭、摩天崖、断云谷、柽柳沟等二十多处土林奇绝景观，使人望而生奇，顿生地老天荒、旷古玄远之叹。经过两年多的开发建设使水洞沟旅游区已经成为一个集旅游观光、科学考察、休闲娱乐、军事探密于一体的旅游区。随着水洞沟遗址博物馆的开馆，水洞沟景区又增添新的亮点。
各位游客朋友，现在我们来到了水洞沟最神秘的藏兵洞。现在我们看到悬崖上的一个个黑洞，就是著名的藏兵洞。所谓藏兵洞，是红山堡守军由地上转人地下，隐蔽军队，保护自己，伺机出击，或在空旷处设伏兵的地道。这是全国唯一保存最为完整的古代立体军事防御体系。我国的长城防御体系中，有长城、城堡和地下藏兵洞紧密联系在一起的在全国还没有，这里是独一处。
现在展现在大家眼前的藏兵洞，是我国最早的地道战遗址和原型。如果说抗战时期，八路军和游击队的地道战能让敌人胆战心惊，闻风丧胆，那么我们可以想象500多年前，明代的边塞守军也是以同样的智慧和勇敢将侵略者挡在了长城之外。过去，由于没有开发，根本没有进洞游览的条件。人们只知道藏兵洞道路曲折，像迷宫一般，再加上洞顶坍塌，多处被土掩盖，洞内设有陷阱，可能还有蛇蝎盘踞，所以，人们轻易不敢进洞走远。洞内到底是何情景，无人能说得清。这样，藏兵洞就成为一个十分神秘、人们望而生畏的去处。
如今，我们完全可以放心进去一饱眼福，但大家一定要跟着我，按照指示牌所指引的路线走，防止迷路，走不出来。
大家要格外小心，注意安全!
各位游客朋友，现在我们来到了水洞沟遗址博物馆。此馆建筑面积4308平方米，外形仿水洞沟出土的石器，是我国西北地区唯一展示旧石器时代文化面貌的主题博物馆。它在传统博物馆参观性功能的基础上融入艺术性、文学性和髙科技元素。以270度超大型半景画、实景、幻影成像等展示形式，结合世界最先进的声、光、电、可调式地震平台等技术的运用，真实再现了3万年前远古人类其乐融融的渔猎生活、打制石器的生产场景以及暴雨倾盆、洪水肆虐、山崩地裂等震撼人心的灾难场景，影像唯美而逼真，艺术的构思让游客很快融入3万年的生活场景中。3万年很久远，但在水洞沟博物院，时光不再是距离，高科技让您瞬间实现3万年的穿越。它开创了我国博物馆展示的新形式，是目前国内唯一、面积最大的室内观众介人式动感体验展馆。
登上坝顶，我们眼前呈现的是“高峡出平湖”的又一奇特景观，这片湖面因位于红山地区，所以名为“红山湖”。“红山湖”也是蓄积边沟之水而成的，丰水期，湖面可于峡谷中向东延伸2公里多，上空常有鹰鹤翱翔，水面上时有鸳鸯、野鸭游弋，山中野草青青，景色非常优美，
在这里大家可以乘船游览水岸长城，体验人与水鸟和谐共处;长城、断崖倒映水中;蓝天白云，映于水底的别样番情趣。这种天人合一，历史文化和当今生态有机结合的塞上江南景观，实是不可多得，真可谓“舟行碧波上，人在画中游”。
藏兵洞简介 室内
所谓藏兵洞，是红山堡守军由地上转入地下，隐蔽军队，保护自己，伺机出击，或在空旷处设伏兵的地道。长城、城堡、深沟、峡谷和藏兵洞共同构成了全国是唯一保存最为完整的古代立体军事防御体系。现在展现在大家眼前的藏兵洞是我国最早的地道战遗址和原型。如果说抗战时期，八路军和游击队的地道战能让敌人胆战心惊，闻风丧胆，那么我们可以想象500多年前明代的边塞守军也是以同样的智慧和勇敢将侵略者挡在了长城之外。
欢迎大家来到韶山滴水洞参观，
滴水洞是湘中的旅游胜地，1966年毛泽东同志回到韶山时，在这里住了11天，1966年7月8日，毛泽东在一封信中说：“自从6月15日离开武林之后，在西方的一个山洞里住了十几天，消息不大灵通。28日来到白云黄鹤的地方，已有10多天了„„” 在这封信中提到的的“武林”是指杭州，“白云黄鹤的地方”指武汉，从地理位置上来说，韶山在杭州的西部，武汉的西南部，所以主席在这封信中就用 “西方的一个山洞”来代指滴水洞，后人也就称滴水洞为“西方山洞”。1986年，这里被湖南省委省政府辟为景区，1987年又由国务院批准为国家级风景名胜区。自开放以来，共接待中外游客20xx余万人，、李瑞环等党和 曾先后来过。 滴水洞名为“洞”，其实是一处幽深狭长的山谷，三面环山，东面为韶山水库，只有一条傍山公路与外界相通，由于地势高，不到谷口是很难发现谷内这一片天地的。
独特的地形地势，形成了滴水洞冬暖夏凉的气候特点。据测试，山谷里冬温比外界高2-3度，夏温则要稍低，而且气温变化也远不如山外剧烈。有一批老干部在这里休养时写了一首诗：“天上广寒宫，人间滴水洞。住上二十天，老翁变顽童。”
自古以来，滴水洞就像“养在深闺人未识”的少女，不为外人所知晓。直到1966年，主席写下了那封信，外界才知道滴水洞的存在。滴水洞一直是特别警戒区，普通人士也只能望“洞”兴叹。1986年秋对外开放后，海内外游客才有机会尽情领略它的绝世姿容。
滴水洞步步有景，我们首先看到的是门楼，由仿制的石钟乳构成，左傍山，右临水，顶覆碧萝，额上“滴水洞”三个朱红大字灵动飘逸，分外夺目，墙角的汉白玉碑刻是当代书法家李铎书写的赞颂滴水洞风光的《毛氏族谱·滴水洞》：“一钩流水一拳山，虎踞龙盘在此间，灵秀聚钟人莫识，石桥如锁几重关。”
这里是著名的韶山水库，1959年和1966年，主席两次回韶山都在这里游泳。他的游泳技术很高，当时他对陪同游泳的运动员说：“你们的工作就是什么蛙泳、蝶泳、仰泳;我的工作就是立正、稍息、坐凳子、睡觉。”说完，他即兴表演了这些动作，大家都赞叹不已。 过门楼沿水库向内，行约300米，就到了名人留言碑廊。碑廊依山布列，长约100米，汇集了老一辈无产阶级革命家和一些著名人士的访韶留言，或表达对韶山的敬仰，或颂扬主席的丰功伟绩，“山川资俊杰，时事造英雄”等早已流传甚广。
接下来我们参观滴水洞一号楼，滴水洞工程和主席的1959年故乡行有密切关系。1959年主席回到了阔别32年的家乡，来到韶山水库游泳，面对家乡的山山水水，深有感触，他无意地对身边的陪同、时任湖南省委书记的周小舟说：“小舟，这地方不错，环境很好，适当建几间房子，中央领导开个会有休息的地方，另外给我搭两间茅草棚，我老了，退休了，就到这地方来养老”。周小舟把主席的话整理成报告，汇报给中南局书记陶铸，非常巧合的是，当时中南局刚好有个计划，就是在远离省会的地方修一些别墅，以供中南各省的领导休养，这样一来就和主席的提议不谋而合，于是1960年开始动工修建滴水洞工程，1962年竣工。1966年6月18日到28日，主席秘密回韶山就在滴水洞一号楼住了11天。
现在大家见到的这栋外观古朴自然、青砖青瓦、呈“丁”字型的平房就是一号楼。一号楼地处滴水洞的中心位置，站在洞外很难看到他的全貌。他的建筑风格与 的怀仁堂相似。一号楼的大门原来是开在正南面的，后来为方便下雨时领导的小车可以直接开进来，就改为现在东西相向的对开门。
这是主席1959年回韶山时写的《七律·到韶山》，诗第一句中的“咒”字原为“哭”，当时的湖北省委秘书长梅白，建议改为“咒”，主席也因此称他为“一字之师”。
现在我们看到的是会议室。1966年6月26日，主席在这召开小型会议，听取了湖南省委、湘潭地委、县委以及韶山一些当地领导的工作汇报，老人家的和蔼幽默给大家留下了深刻的印象。看到参加会议的人都很拘谨，主席就指着中间的位子说：“中间的位子是留给你们父母官坐的，我坐边上就行了”。相信大家应该知道主席坐在哪吧?就是亮灯的那个，左数第四个座位。与会议室相连的是一个餐厅，中间可以用一道幕布隔开，这样餐厅就可以做一个小型舞台使用，并且也可以架设小型放映机，以对面的大白墙为屏幕放放电影。不难看出，这是一个多功能、综合型的会议室。两台空调是1990年添置的，其余的摆设大多是当年的原物。
一号楼是一栋仿俄式的建筑，两边是走廊，中间是房子，房子与房子之间又是相通的，与会议室相通的是主席的办公室，
书架上的书是后来摆上去的，我们知道主席一生酷爱读书，他曾说：“饭可以一日不吃、觉可以一日不睡，书不可一日不读”，他走到哪里，就把书带到哪里，当时他的行李中除一箱生活用品外，其余都是书。 办公桌上有“文房四宝”，其中最珍贵的就是这个菊花石砚台，菊花石产自湖南浏阳，经过人们的精心雕琢制成砚台。这是一张藤椅，其实当年为主席准备的是皮椅，老人家生活非常简朴，坐皮椅反而不习惯，工作人员就给换成了藤椅，因为是临时拿过来的，看上去小了点儿，但当年主席仍然将就使用。当时办公室里还放了一个大木桶，知道是干什么用的吗?用来装冰块的，主席入住时是6月份，天气很热，又没空调，就用大木桶装上冰块，用风扇对着吹，来降低室温。
接下来是主席的卧室，最显眼的就是这张床。它长2.9米,宽1.9米,而且头高尾低,方便主席躺着看书,小四方桌是给主席用餐的,临窗的躺椅可以随时休息,因为主席喜欢白色,所以床单、躺椅套等用的都是白布。 副套间是为首长夫人准备的，当年主席回来时，江青并没有来，她也从未到过韶山，1963年，时任团中央书记兼湘潭地委书记的 同志，在这住了40多天。
这里是娱乐室，工作学习之余，主席喜欢打打乒乓球。打球时，他有个特殊的习惯，在中山装两个口袋装满球，球用完就不打了。
这张照片是主席临走时拍下的。1966年主席是秘密回韶山，当时已73岁高龄，赤子心，故土情，对家乡恋恋不舍。拍完照，该上车走了，主席忽然又用地道的韶山话说：“你们先走，我还要再坐一下子哒。”他缓缓地喝完一杯茶，才依依不舍地离开了韶山。这里还陈列了部分中央领导、著名人士的照片、题词。
我们继续参观。一号楼是双面走廊，既方便卫士站岗又防寒保暖。这一间是副套间的卫生间，里面的设备都是从前苏联运来的。这是主套间的卫生间，主席身高1·83米，浴缸加长加宽。睡衣是特意为主席准备的，但他一次也没穿过，当时穿的是一件打了73个补丁的睡衣，现在陈列在毛泽东纪念馆。主席当年在滴水洞深居简出，生活简朴，留下了许多佳话。我省著名湘菜大师石荫祥珍藏着主席当年的一份菜谱，其中的菜全都是韶山的家常菜。让他至今难忘的一件事是，有次为主席送蘑菇菜时，发现里面有一条虫，他赶紧转身，想回厨房另换一盘，不料被主席发现了，他既惭愧又担心，然而主席不仅没有责备他，反而朗声笑着说：“不干不净，吃了没病，有虫子说明没毒，可以吃，不用换。”主席的理解，让他万分感动。
接下来我们参观70年代修建的防震室和防空洞。防震室可以防7、8级地震，80年代张海迪在这住过一段时间，著名的《鸿雁快快飞》就是在这写成的。现在办了个像章展览，主席各个时期的像章都有，我们可以浏览一下。防空洞是70年代由“欧阳海连”修建的。当时主席提出：我们要“深挖洞、广积粮、不称霸”，防空洞就是在这样的历史背景下修建的。防空洞里共有三道铁门，可以防空、防原子弹冲击波、防核辐射，两侧墙壁上有隔音防潮设备，吸音效果非常好。防空洞长约100米，出了防空洞，滴水洞一号楼的参观就结束了。
沿石阶往上就到了虎歇坪，是滴水洞的最高峰，上世纪50年代以前常有老虎在此休息，上面修了一座石亭——虎歇亭，当然老虎已经绝迹很久了。
关于虎歇坪有许多美丽的传说，其中最有名的当推“八仙吹萧”。据说，古时候滴水洞南面龙头山有潜龙，北面虎歇坪有猛虎，它们都在这里修仙练道。有一天，潜龙和猛虎为了一株灵芝仙草打斗起来，恰好八仙云游经过，止住了龙虎之争，并让它们言归于好。劝和后，八仙就在这里吹起萧来，伴着萧声有朵朵祥云升起„„从此，虎歇坪就成了人们心中的一座有仙灵之气的名山。后来，毛泽东的祖父葬到了虎歇坪，墓地恰好就在传说中的八仙吹萧处。
这个巧合，引发了何健挖毛泽东祖坟的故事：大革命时期，毛泽东采取“农村包围城市”和“工农武装割据”的战略方针，革命形式如火如荼。当时的湖南省主席何健是个迷信大王，他估摸着：毛泽东能取得这样的成功，一定是祖坟葬得好，如果挖了毛泽东的祖坟，断了他家的龙脉，革命自然也就镇压下去了。当得知毛泽东祖父葬在“八仙吹萧”之地时，何健以为所料非虚，大喜过望，立即派匪兵赶来韶山挖坟，当匪兵半夜里气喘吁吁地爬上虎歇坪时，四下里劈里啪啦怪响一片。这响声是当地人们为了保护毛泽东的祖坟施出的妙计，匪兵却以为冲撞了神灵，个个心惊胆战，四散溃逃。等到何健再次派兵来挖坟时，人们已经将坟堆推平，墓碑藏好，并造了一座假墓。匪兵为了交差，胡乱挖了几处坟墓就走了。这个故事充分说明革命是人心所向的道理。1987年，在整修虎歇坪游道时，人们发现了主席祖父墓碑，将它放回原处，并将墓地修葺一新，以供大家祭拜。
南面是龙头山，传说古时候有条巨龙，其尾直插八百里洞庭，其首昂起于韶山，形成滴水洞龙头山，龙涎化为山泉，常年不绝，有祛病延年之效;又传说有潜龙在山中修炼„„这些传说，说明龙头山自古以来在人们心目中就代表着吉祥发达。主席的曾祖父、曾祖母就长眠在这里。
各位领导，滴水洞的游览到此结束。再见!
各位游客：
欢迎大家到宁夏来观光旅游。首先请允许我向各位介绍一下宁夏概况。
宁夏位于祖国的西北内陆地区，黄河中上游，全区土地面积6.64万平方公里，现辖银川、石嘴山两个地级市，银南、固原两个地区，吴忠、青铜峡、灵武3个县级市和6各辖区，15各县。全区人口536万。
宁夏是我国唯一一个回族自治区，回族人口约占全区总人口的1/3。回民信仰伊斯兰教，全自治区有大、小清真寺3000多座，因此宁夏又被称为中国的“穆斯林之乡”。
(历史文化)
宁夏是中华文明的发祥地之一。黄河岸边的灵武市“水洞沟遗址”发掘表明，在3万年前的旧石器时代就有人类在此繁衍生息。秦代时属北地郡，秦军在此屯垦戍边，抗击匈奴。汉代时又分为朔方和西凉刺史两部。唐代时属关内道，农牧经济得到了很大的发展。11世纪初，党项族以宁夏为中心，建立了西夏政权，并创造了灿烂的西夏文化。元灭西夏后，设宁夏行省，取“平定西夏永远安宁”之意，于是便开始有了宁夏的名称。明改制宁夏卫，清属甘肃省。1920xx年建宁夏省。1654年又撤销省建制，分归内蒙古、甘肃省管辖。1958年成立宁夏回族自治区。
宁夏地处中原文化与草原文化的过渡地带，又是河套文化与丝绸之路的交融区，古老深远的黄河文化、特色鲜明的伊斯兰文化、独一无二的西夏文化、颇具特色的移民文化和浓郁粗旷的边塞文化工具在这块神奇的土地上，从而为后人留下了许多珍贵的遗迹和探寻不尽的奥秘。
(地形和气候)
游客们，宁夏地势南高北低，山地、高原约占全区的3/4，剩下的就是平原地区，其中沙漠占宁夏面积的8%。从地形分布来看，自北向南为贺兰山地、宁夏平原、鄂尔多斯草原、黄土高原、六盘山地等，平均海拔在1000米以上。北面的贺兰山脉绵亘250公里成了宁夏平原的天然屏障，南边则为郁郁葱葱的六盘山脉。古老的黄河穿越宁夏中北部地区向北流淌，在宁夏境内总流程达397公里，流经12个县市。黄河宁夏段水面宽阔，灌溉垦殖，他们的辛勤劳动使宁夏成了沟渠纵横、稻香鱼肥、瓜果飘香、风光秀美的“塞上江南”。这从唐代诗人“贺兰山下果园成，塞北江南旧有名”的诗句中就可得到印证。
南高北低的地形决定了宁夏南寒北暖的气候，此外，宁夏地处高纬度，昼夜温差大，白天太阳直射温度相对较高，晚间气流扫射余热温度明显降低，夏日昼夜温差在15度左右。雨季集中在夏季，但降水量不大。宁夏的天是明朗的天，“蓝蓝的天上白云飘，白云下面马儿跑”是宁夏天气和风情的真切写照。
(旅游景观)
类型多样的自然景观，兼收并蓄的多元文化特色，带给了宁夏丰富的旅游资源。作为“中国旅游最后的处女地”，近几年来，宁夏备受海内外游客的青睐。来宁夏旅游，可从不同角度去欣赏其“六大特色”——古老的黄河文化、雄浑的大漠风光、神秘的西夏王朝、浓郁的回乡风情、迷人的六盘盛景、美丽的塞上江南。这里有被誉为“东方金字塔”的西夏王陵，有中国最大的喇嘛式建筑群“一百零八塔”，有人类原始造型艺术“贺兰山岩画”，有沙海明珠“沙坡头”，以及被国家旅游局评为中国35个王牌旅游景点之一的沙湖等。现已开发坐羊皮筏子常有黄河，骑骆驼穿越腾格里沙漠以及西夏仿古、回族风情、沙湖观鸟、徒步长城、生态农业观光等特殊旅游项目。宁夏之旅，点多、面广、线长，如歌、如诗、如画，给人以独特的享受。
(回族风情)
游客们，来到宁夏，特别要向大家接受的是回族风情，因为宁夏是中国回族聚居最多的地区(回族在我国55个少数民族中人数仅次于壮族，位居第二)。我们还是从回族的信仰、节目、习俗、紧急、服饰来谈起吧。
回族多信仰伊斯兰教，因此，与伊斯兰教的关系十分密切。明清时期，中国伊斯兰教学者介绍伊斯兰教义，会用“清净污染”、“真乃独一”、“至情至真”和“真主原有独尊，谓之清真”等语，古伊斯兰教又称“清真教”。伊斯兰教礼拜寺叫做“清真寺”，穆斯林制作的食品称作“清真食品”，穆斯林开设的饭店和食品店习惯用“情真”二字作为标记。宁夏现有清真寺3000多座，遍布山川城乡。回族穆斯林按《古x经》的要求要遵守五项功课，即念(祈祷)、礼(礼拜)、斋(斋戒)、课(捐赠)、朝(朝觐)五功。
伊斯兰教的开斋节、古尔邦节和圣纪节，也是回族穆斯林的三大节日。开斋节，顾名思义，即斋月期满后的第一天。古尔邦节在开斋后70天，阿拉伯语“古尔邦”是宰牲的意思，故又称宰牲节。圣纪节，每年教历三月十二日，为纪念伊斯兰教的创始人穆罕诞生而举行。
回族在出生命名、婚嫁、丧葬等方面，也深受伊斯兰教的影响。回族的小孩出生后，要阿訇命名，谓之“经名”。回族青年的婚姻，在履行法定手续后，由阿訇主持仪式，诵读《古x经》，为其证婚。三天后，新郎新娘回娘家，叫做“回门”。回族丧葬为土葬，主张素葬，不用棺木，遗体净洗后以白布包裹，埋于土穴中。亲人先逢七、后逢年祭之。回族有良好的卫生习惯，礼拜前要进行沐浴，“小净”用汤瓶洗头、手、脚等处，“大净”用吊罐洗浴全身。回族庭院整齐干净，井然有序。挑水用的桶倒扣在石板上，从井里提水用的桶挂在墙上，不能落地。
回族忌偶像崇拜。禁食自死物、血，猪、马、驴、骡、狗等不反刍的动物。回族以习武健身为美德，故多高寿者。
在服饰上，回族男子多戴无沿小白帽或黑帽，称为礼拜帽。女的一般戴无沿撮口白帽或盖头，将头发遮掩起来。盖头，少女一般带绿色，已婚妇女则戴黑色，老年人戴白色。回族妇女喜欢佩戴耳环、戒指、手镯和头饰。
(特产和风味)
游客们，宁夏的特产和风味可用两句话来概括：“吴宝耀花游人眼，长思长想不思归。”
想为世人称道的宁夏特产当推枸杞、甘草、贺兰石、滩羊皮、发菜，因其颜色分别为红、黄、蓝、白、黑而被称为五宝。枸杞及时中药精品，优势益肾健体的食品。甘草被赞为“中药之王”。用贺兰石制作的砚台，不仅是文房四宝的实用品，而且是珍贵的工艺收藏品。宁夏滩羊是我国优良裘用绵羊之一，通常制球用一个月左右的滩羊羔皮“二毛皮”，其优良的品质和独特的风格驰名海内外。发菜是“八珍”之一，既有食用功能，又有药用价值，但采挖发菜会严重破坏环境，导致土地沙化，因此发菜已被列为国家一级重点保护、管理的野生固沙植物，禁止采集和销售。
宁夏的地方风味因兼有中国传统风味而独树一帜。其清真风味小吃不仅为广大穆斯林所珍爱，各族人民也无不愿一尝为快，有外焦里嫩的油香、焦酥香脆的馓子，还有最具特色的饮料盖碗茶。清真厨师们还创造出碗蒸羊、涮羊肉、水晶羊头、煨牛筋、红烧羊肉、锅烧填鸭、鸽蛋蒸菜、糖醋黄河鲤鱼等一系列清真菜，其中以烩为主的回民筵席“八大碗”则是回民喜庆宴请的主菜。宁夏小吃还有牛羊杂碎、团馍、酿皮子、回族油菜、牛干巴等，名目繁多，各具特色。银川市中心地段设有小吃一条街，游客们不妨走街串巷，前去品尝，一饱口福。
各位游客，宁夏概况就介绍到此。也许带游罢宁夏，对他从陌生到了解后，您会发出和我同样的感叹：游遍千山万水，还是宁夏最美!
室外
这是水洞沟景区的标志性建筑，它仿照水洞沟出土的编号为9号的尖状器，用现代材料放大制作而成，高8米，宽5.6米。水洞沟文化遗址的旧石器，是用十分坚硬的硅质灰岩打制而成的，这说明水洞沟人已经掌握了比较先进的打制技术。可以看出，尖状器打制比较均匀、平整，器形端正，左右形状比较固定，这是水洞沟文化中具有代表性的器物之一。此种类型的尖状器，在我国同时代其他遗址中很少见，属于水洞沟独有的器形之一。025 一号考古发掘点 室外
这里便是当年的考古现场，分布成台阶状的为二号发掘点，它是第五次考古发掘留下来的剖面，这里不仅发掘出大量的石器和石制品，还发现了用火痕迹。
呈凹槽状的是一号发掘点，自1923年始，前四次考古发掘都在此区域进行，共出土动物化石和石制品一万多件，这两个点也是12个发掘点中最重要的两个点。
芦花谷 室外
眼前的这段深沟峡谷，可直接到达原清水河的源头，灵武清水营。近年来，由于降水量少，边沟补水困难，沟底河床露出，遍布鹅卵石，其间只有涓涓细流流过。后经我公司进行保护性地开发利用，沟内已培育成长约一公里的“芦化谷”，春夏芦苇摇曳，一片葱绿可爱;秋冬芦花如雪，白色的芦叶瑟瑟两岸是高约15米的断崖峭壁，它们共同构成了独具特色而又充满神秘色彩的塞外景观。
