Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is located in the middle and upper reaches ofthe Yellow River in Northwest China, between 35 ° 14 '- 39 ° 23' n and 104 ° 17'- 107 ° 39' E. It is adjacent to Shaanxi Province in the East, Inner MongoliaAutonomous Region in the West and North, and Gansu Province in the south, with atotal area of 66400 square kilometers. The terrain is long and narrow from northto south, high in the South and low in the north. From north to south, there areHelan Mountain, Ningxia plain and Liupan Mountain. Ningxia is 456 km from northto South and 250 km from east to west. Ningxia is located in the transition zonebetween the Loess Plateau and Inner Mongolia Plateau. In terms ofgeomorphological types, the loess landform eroded by flowing water is dominantin the south, and the arid denudation and wind erosion landform is dominant inthe middle and North. There are relatively high mountains and widely distributedhills, alluvial plain formed by fault subsidence and alluvial of the YellowRiver, platform and sand dunes. The surface morphology is complex and rding to the statistical data in early 20__, hilly area accounts for 38%,plain area 26.8%, mountain area 15.8%, platform 17.6% and desert 1.8%. Theaverage altitude is 1090-20__m. Helan Mountain is the natural barrier of Ningxiaplain. The main peak, Aobao Geda, is 3556 meters above sea level. The YellowRiver passes through 12 cities and counties in the middle and North, with a flowof 397 km.
Ningxia is located in the inland, belongs to temperate continentalsemi-arid climate. It straddles the East Monsoon Region and the northwest aridregion, and the southwest is close to the Qinghai Tibet alpine region, which isroughly located in the intersection and transition zone of the three naturalregions in China. The annual average temperature is 5 ℃～ 9 ℃, and thetemperature difference between day and night is large. The annual precipitationis generally 200-600 mm. With 3000 hours of sunshine and 170 days of frost freeperiod, it is one of the areas with the most abundant sunshine and solarradiation in China.
Ningxia is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization. The latePaleolithic human activity site and unearthed cultural relics in Shuidonggou,Lingwu County, Ningxia Province show that human beings have been living andreproducing here as early as 30000 years ago.
During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, theworld-famous Great Wall began to be built in the territory. After the firstemperor of Qin unified China, he sent troops to settle down in Ningxia and beganthe history of diverting water from the Yellow River for irrigation. By the HanDynasty (206-220 BC), the farming economy here had been quite prosperous. In the14th year of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty (755), the "an Shi rebellion" brokeout. Prince Li Heng entered Ningxia and became emperor in Lingwu. At that time,Ningxia had become one of the important channels of East-West transportation andtrade in China. In the first year of Baoyuan (1038) of Northern Song Dynasty, LiYuanhao, the leader of Dangxiang nationality, established Daxia state withNingxia as the center, which was called Xixia in history, and its capital wasXingqing prefecture (now Yinchuan City). After Mongolia exterminated Xixia,Ningxia Fu Road was set up in the 24th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1287). NingxiaWei was set up in Ming Dynasty. Ningxia government was set up in Qing the early years of the Republic of China, Ningxia government was changed toshuofangdao, and Ningxia Province was established in 1929. After the founding ofthe people's Republic of China in 1949, Ningxia Province was abolished in xia Hui Autonomous Region was established on October 25, 1958.
Ningxia is rich in mineral resources with prominent advantages inagriculture, energy and tourism. There are 1.288 million hectares of cultivatedland in the region. Among them, more than 333000 hectares are irrigated. Thereare more than 660000 hectares of wasteland suitable for agriculture to bedeveloped, including 133000 hectares of wasteland for aquaculture, 56000hectares of wastewater and 3 million hectares of grassland. More than 50 kindsof mineral resources have been discovered, and the per capita potential value ofnatural resources is 163.5% of the national average value, ranking fifth in thecountry. In particular, non-metallic mineral resources are rich, mainly coal,gypsum, oil, natural gas and so on. Gypsum reserves rank first in China. Nearlyone third of the land in the region is rich in coal resources, with provenreserves of more than 30 billion tons, ranking fifth in the country. The provenreserves of Lingwu coalfield alone reach more than 27 billion tons, equivalentto the total proven reserves in Northeast China. Among the top ten coal types inChina, there are nine in Ningxia. Taixi Coal, the world famous high qualityanthracite, has an annual export volume of 1 million tons. The Shaanxi GansuNingxia basin natural gas field across Ningxia has proved reserves of more than200 billion cubic meters. It is a world-class large gas field.
The autonomous region has five prefecture level cities of Yinchuan,Shizuishan, Wuzhong, Guyuan and Zhongwei, six municipal districts of Xingqing,Jinfeng, Xixia, Dawukou, Huinong and Yuanzhou, two county-level cities of Lingwuand Qingtongxia, 11 counties of Yongning, Helan, Pingluo, Tongxin, Yanchi,Zhongning, Haiyuan, Jingyuan, Xiji, Longde and Pengyang, and HongsibaoDevelopment Zone (county-level immigration Development Zone), with Yinchuan asits capital.
Ningxia has 35 ethnic groups, including Hui and Han, with a totalpopulation of 6.0373 million at the end of 20__, including 3.7742 million Hanand 2.0649 million Hui. Ningxia is the largest Hui inhabited area in China. Huipeople believe in Islam.
The Hui nationality in China was formed in the Yuan Dynasty. The origin ofthe Hui nationality can be traced back to the middle of the seventh century,when Arab and Persian merchants came to China to do business and stay. In theYuan Dynasty, a large number of Central Asian, Persian and Arab came to to intermarriage and socio-economic relations, they formed Hui nationalityin the process of long-term relationship with Han, Uygur, Mongolian and othernationalities. As early as the Song Dynasty, there were Persians who believed inIslam and settled down in Ningxia. In the Yuan Dynasty, a large number of ArabMuslims from Central Asia, together with the Mongols, moved to Ningxia tocultivate and defend the frontier. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginningof Ming Dynasty, the Hui nationality gradually formed, and Ningxia Huinationality entered a relatively stable development period.
Hui people's living in Ningxia can be traced back to the end of TangDynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty and Xixia period, most of the Muslims fromthe east came to the Central Plains from Yumen and Jiuquan via Xixia. By theYuan Dynasty, a large number of Arabs, Persians and Central Asians wererecruited or migrated to live in the form of semi military and semi nomadic. Inthe early Ming Dynasty, a large number of Hui people were placed in Lingzhou(now Lingwu City) and Guyuan counties as "attached to Tuda". In addition, theHui people who constantly migrated to Ningxia for development and reclamationformed many Hui settlements. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the QingDynasty, the population of Hui nationality in Ningxia increased ng the Tongzhi period (1862-1874), the anti Qing uprising of the NorthwestHui people was brutally suppressed, and the volunteers and their families weremoved to remote areas. Some of them migrated to Lingzhou, Huaping (now JingyuanCounty of Ningxia), Longde, Haiyuan and other counties.
As the main ethnic group in Ningxia Hui people believe in Islam. In NingxiaHui inhabited areas, there are more than 3000 mosques with differentarchitectural forms and scales, and about 4000 imams. The Muslim people of Huinationality generally believe in five "lessons", namely: recitation, ceremony,fasting, lesson and pilgrimage. There are three traditional festivals of the Huipeople: Eid al Fitr, guerbang (also known as Eid al AdhA) and Shengji autonomous region, cities and counties have established religious socialorganizations at all levels, namely Islamic Associations, to manage their ownreligious life. The autonomous region has set up Ningxia Islamic school inYinchuan city and Tongxin Arabic school in Tongxin County, helping the Muslimpeople to cultivate a large number of talents with religious knowledge. Inaddition to Islam, there are mass beliefs, Buddhism, Catholicism, Christianityand Taoism in Ningxia. The people's Government of the autonomous region treatsall kinds of religions equally, protects the normal religious activities of themasses, and all kinds of religious people live in harmony for a long time inNingxia.
Ningxia Hui people have formed unique customs in clothing, diet, dailyhygiene, marriage, funeral and so on. Hui men like to wear small white caps andblack waistcoats. Hui women also like to wear headsets, gold and silverearrings, rings and bracelets. Hui people pay special attention to hygiene,clean and tidy indoor and outdoor, clean stove. Usually wash hands and face withsoup bottle, bath with hanging pot.
Hui people like to eat the meat of cattle, sheep, camels and otherruminants, but also eat chicken, duck, goose and fish. They don't eat pork,animal blood and dead livestock. Animals eaten by devout believers must beslaughtered by imams. Hui people generally don't smoke or drink. Men, women andchildren all like to drink "Babao" cup tea with nutritional condiments such asrock sugar, tea, medlar, walnut kernel, sesame, longan, jujube and preservedfruit. During the festive Festival, the Hui people mostly make fried food suchas fragrant oil, Sanzi and Yaguo. When there are distinguished guests, they willbe warmly received by the rich "Quanyang banquet" and various Hui snacks. Inmarriage, monogamy is practiced. The wedding ceremony of Hui nationality is verygrand and has many religious and ethnic characteristics. For example, when awedding is held, the Imam should be asked to read "nikaha", that is, to testifyand congratulate with Arabic scriptures. The funeral of the Hui nationality issimple and easy, with the practice of earth burial and thin burial. The funeralincludes four procedures: cleaning the burial body, wrapping the body with whitecloth, holding religious prayer ceremony under the direction of Imam, andentering the burial.
Mosque, also known as the mosque. Arabic is "mesgid", which means the placeto kowtow. It is not only a place for Islamic believers to worship, but also acenter of culture and education and a center of social activities in someplaces. The establishment of mosques in Ningxia started from Yuan Dynasty, andthe number and scale of mosques have developed considerably in Ming and QingDynasties. Gongbei is the mausoleum of an outstanding figure in a certain regionof Islam. Daotang is a place where religious leaders of a certain branch ofIslam worship, chant scriptures, give lectures and live. Islamic architecture inNingxia reflects the process of combining Islamic culture with Chinesetraditional culture, and has distinctive local cultural characteristics andnational personality.
In the north of Zhongwei City in the ancient city, the grand ancientbuilding Gaomiao, which is built on the high platform connecting the city walls,is particularly attractive. Gaomiao, built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, iscalled "new temple".
In the autumn of the 48th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the QingDynasty (1710 A.D.), it was rebuilt due to the collapse of the earthquake. Afterthat, it was rebuilt in the second year of Daoguang, the third year of Xianfengand the eighth year of Guangxu, and was renamed "Yuhuangge". In the early yearsof the Republic of China, it was renamed "Gaomiao", with a construction area of2510 square meters. It is a complete and magnificent ancient buildingcomplex.
The high temple faces south. The front courtyard is Bao'an temple. Enteringthe mountain gate, the dazzling single eaves Xieshan main hall stands on thefront; the wing rooms on both sides, dizang palace, Sanxiao palace and threeauxiliary halls have their own characteristics. After Baoan Temple is the mainbuilding of Gaomiao. Along the 24 steps paved with green bricks, the brickarchway of Gaomiao stands in front of us. A couplet in the memorial archway isvery interesting. The first couplet is: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism areall from here; the second couplet is: the self creation and self transformationof heaven, earth and man are all here; the horizontal inscription is: thesupreme bridge of Dharma. Go through the south gate and reach the middletower.
The middle building is ingenious and unique, with triple eaves and threelayers of slopes. On both sides of the way, there are East and West Tianchi andbrick Tianchi, with flying bridges connecting with the South Tianmenrespectively. The statue of Taibai Venus on the upper floor of the middlebuilding is solemn and dignified; the statue of Guanyin on the middle floor ispeaceful and charitable; and the painting of the twenty-eight nights on thelower floor is elegant. Finally, it is divided into upper, middle and lowerlevels of the Jade Emperor of the five mountains and the Virgin Mary hall. Onthe front of the lower level is the Wuyue temple, with three palaces in the Eastand the ancestral hall in the West; on the middle level is the statue of theJade Emperor in the middle, with Dacheng hall in the back to worship Confucius;on the front of the upper level is the yaochi palace, with three religiouspalaces on both sides. The Wenwu building on the East and west sides of thebottom floor of the third hall is a unique scenery: Wenlou is modeled asWenchang, and its body is not like a monster; Wulou is modeled as Guan Gong,riding a red rabbit chasing the wind horse. The Dragon King Palace on the lowerfloor of the Wenwu building is made of the Dragon King of the four seas. It hasdifferent looks, excellent skills and admiration. The hell palace under thebrick archway is full of various strange images, such as blue face, red hair,serrated tusks, ferocious face, and calm demeanor The whole painting has richimagination, rigorous structure, bright colors and delicate brushwork, whichshows the extraordinary skills of folk artists.
It's a pity that more than 1700 painted statues and paintings in Gaomiaotemple were destroyed in the turbulent times. Today, although many paintedstatues have been made up, they are far from enough!
The main buildings of Gaomiao are located on a central axis. The auxiliarybuildings are located on both sides, balanced and symmetrical. In only
On the high platform of more than 20__ square meters, there are nearly 100buildings of different types and styles, such as Jiuji Xieshan, Sijiao zanjian,Shizi Xieshan, and general's helmet top. The whole building complex is amasterpiece of ancient architecture in Ningxia. It is composed of double towers,pavilions and corridors, cornices, twists and turns, compact and full ofchanges.
Hello, distinguished guests
You have traveled thousands of miles to our beautiful south of the GreatWall. I don't know how much you really know about Ningxia. It doesn't matter ifyou don't know. Here is a brief introduction
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is located in the middle and upper reaches ofthe Yellow River, referred to as "Ning". It is adjacent to Shaanxi in the East,Inner Mongolia in the north, and Gansu in the south. With a land area of 66400square kilometers, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is the only provincial HuiAutonomous region in China. It was founded on October 25, 1958 and is known asthe "hometown of Muslims". It has a population of more than 6 million. The Huipopulation accounts for one third of the total population of the region Leye: asearly as 30000 years ago, there were human reproduction, the ancient YellowRiver civilization, the mysterious Xixia history, the beautiful pearl on thewall, the majestic desert scenery, which was gradually understood by the worldafter the development of the western region
"The Yellow River enriches Ningxia" The Yellow River has a total length of5464 km and flows through Ningxia for 397 km. The Yellow River flows intoNingxia from Heishan Gorge of Gansu Province with gentle flow and wide watersurface. It has created a rich Yellow River Hetao irrigation area for history of diverting Yellow River Irrigation in Ningxia has been more than20__ years. Emperors of all dynasties are more concerned about water conservancyprojects A large amount of sediment and trace elements, together with Ningxia'sunique geographical environment and climate conditions, Ningxia's agriculturaland sideline products are also at the top, and it is also an important grainproduction base in the country
China's mountains are basically east-west, and there are two north-southmountains in Ningxia. They are the famous Helan Mountain and Liupan n Mountain is located at the junction of Ningxia and Inner Mongolia. It is50-250 km long from east to west and 456 km long from north to south. Helanmeans "horse" in Mongolian. The great temperature difference in Ningxia'sclimate sooner or later is due to Helan Mountain Helan stone, one of the fivetreasures of Ningxia, is a famous mountain in the south of Ningxia Liupanshan isthe last mountain that the Red Army crossed in the long march. Because theancient road of Liupanshan can reach the top of the mountain only throughLiupanshan, it's named Liupanshan. The great leader, grandfather Mao, left hiseternal words here. Qingpingle, Liupanshan is known as the "oil basin" in theSouth. Now it's the National Tourism poverty alleviation experimental anshan is under development and construction, but its beautiful scenery isstill unknown It's fascinating. These two mountains are like two brave soldiers,guarding the north and South gates of Ningxia
Because of the dense population and living habits of the Hui people inNingxia, the Hui population accounts for 1 / 3 of the total population inNingxia and 2 / 5 of the total population in China. The splendid Hui culture andcustoms are the most attractive signs. Mosques of all sizes appear in everycorner of Ningxia. Muslim hospitality in Hui costumes comes from afar The uniquecustoms will make you forget to return. The Xixia mausoleum at the foot of HelanMountain is telling the rise and fall of the past. As early as 1038-1227, KhanLi Yuanhao of Dangxiang nationality established the Daxia regime in use it is located in the west of the Yellow River and in the northwest ofChina, it is known as the "great Xia regime" Xixia has existed on the stage ofhistory for 189 years. However, many people don't know the history of if there are records in some historical books, there are only a few ofthem. Only Xixia history is missing in 24 history, and Xixia Characters arecalled "unique learning" by historians. Few people in the world know XixiaCharacters, which was once a glorious Xixia in history Xia, because of whathappened, quietly withdrew from the world's attention. Let's go to the Xixiamausoleum and jointly decipher the mysterious country
Because Ningxia is located in the northwest and surrounded by threedeserts, the sandstorm in Ningxia is also a precious tourism resource. The firstbatch of 5A eco-tourism scenic spots in Shizuishan City, Shahu, as the namesuggests, have different scenery, Shahu, as the name suggests, there are sandand lake, Jinsha embraces Cuihu, and Cuihu surrounds Jinsha. The two differentstyles of scenery merge with each other, plus Secretary Jiang's inscription,Shahu Shapotou, one of the world's top 500 environmental protection units, isfamous for attracting tourists from home and abroad and creating considerableeconomic benefits for Ningxia. It has its own scenery, such as sand mountains,green lakes, birds, fish, reeds and so on. However, it can not escape the praiseof tourists. Shapotou, a world-class 5A environmental protection unit, has alsocast her enchanting and tender feelings on this hot land Shapotou is located atthe edge of the Tengger Desert. The "wheat straw checkerboard sand barrier" hasblocked 43000 square kilometers of the Tengger Desert. It has made China's firstdesert railway pass through here. With the development and construction ofShapotou, it is also known as "the top ten most interesting places in thecountry". Go to see the endless sand sea, ride a desert boat, listen to thejingle of camel bells, and look forward to the Yellow River The sexy curve, themood at this time, you can only experience it when you are on the scene, a pieceof sand accompanied by a lake, a piece of sand and a river, maybe, such a placein the south of the Yangtze River is the place you have been pursuing many timesin your dream!
Dear tourists
The beautiful and rich Yinchuan is the first oasis developed in Hetao areaof the Yellow River. In the Han Dynasty, the measures of dredging canals andcultivating farmland were carried out here, and water conservancy projects suchas hanyanqu were built. In the Tang Dynasty, Yinchuan had the reputation of"south of the Yangtze River". Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the folk sayingof "the Yellow River enriches Ningxia" has spread all over Jiuzhou. The ancientDangxiang people have created a dazzling Xixia Culture here, and the industriousHui people are constantly striving for self-improvement, showing colorful folkcustoms. Yinchuan is an important city in the northwest border of China, thecapital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and one of the famous historical andcultural cities in China. It has a long and splendid history, profound culturalheritage, endless stories and endless beautiful scenery. Today, let's go intoYinchuan and feel the magic charm of this ancient frontier fortress city!
Tourists, Yinchuan city is located in the Hetao Plain formed by thealluvial of the Yellow River, facing the Yellow River in the East, with flat andopen terrain; the Helan Mountain in the west, adjacent to the mountains of AlxaLeft Banner in Inner Mongolia; the Qingtongxia gorge in the South; and PingluoCounty in the North. The total area of the city is 3499 square kilometers, andthe urban area is 1277 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over threecounty-level districts of urban area, new urban area and suburb, and twocounties of Yongning and Helan. According to statistics, by the end of 20__, thecity's total population was about 1039100. Yinchuan is a multi-ethnic area,inhabiting 25 ethnic groups, such as Hui, Han, Manchu, Mongolian and Korean. Itis also a city where the Hui population is concentrated, with about 223100 Huipeople.
It is said that a long time ago, seven sisters of Phoenix lived in thesouth of the Yangtze River, bringing happiness to people. Among them, theyoungest seven sisters came to Ningxia, where the land is thin and the peopleare poor, and opened a canal to divert water, bringing the scenery of the southof the Yangtze River. Later, in order to prevent the invasion of alien tribes,Fenghuang Qimei became a city to protect the people in Ningxia, which was laterYinchuan. Now, "Phoenix City" has become the reputation of Yinchuan.
Yinchuan is flat and open. The terrain trend is gradually inclined fromsouthwest to northeast. "Helan is the screen, the Yellow River is around, thefertile fields are thousands of miles, and the lakes are inlaid" is the featureof Yinchuan landform pattern. Yinchuan terrain is divided into mountain andplain. In the west is Helan Mountain, which forms a trapezoidal shape andgradually decreases from the south of quanqigou, with an altitude of 20__-2500meters. The main peak, aobaogeda, is 3556 meters. It is a natural barrier toprevent the cold air and sandstorm from driving into the northwest. In the Eastis the Yellow River alluvial plain. The Yellow River flows from 16 kilometerseast of Yinchuan city to 30 degrees south of the city to Shizuishan, with atransit length of 78.4 kilometers and a water surface of 124700 mu, forming avast and boundless alluvial plain of the Yellow River, in which there arehundreds of fertile fields, ditches, lush vegetation, scattered with hundreds oflakes and marshes, including the famous "72 Lian Lake". Since ancient times, ithas been the main agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheryproduction area.
Yinchuan is located in the middle temperate arid climate zone, whichbelongs to the middle temperate continental climate. The main features are: lessrain and snow, strong evaporation, sufficient sunshine, moderate heat, strongwind and sand; cold in winter, hot in summer, short and changeable in huan is located in the northwest inland, far from the sea, coupled with adry climate, less rainfall and long sunshine, so most of the year is rding to statistics, the annual sunshine time is 17.5 hours more than thatof "sunshine city" Lhasa.
The temperature difference between day and night in Yinchuan is very large,with an average daily temperature difference of 13.1-14.4 degrees in the wholeyear. This continental climate, coupled with the unique natural conditions, isvery suitable for the growth of all kinds of crops. It is easy to store thesugar content of melons and fruits, and the sugar content of melons and fruitsis 15% - 20% higher than that of Central Plains. According to the records ofshuijingzhu written by Li Daoyuan, a famous geographer in the Northern WeiDynasty, Yinchuan plain was called "Guocheng" as early as 1500 years ago. It isrich in peach, plum, apricot, jujube, apple, grape and watermelon. The fruit isbig, sweet, tender and colorful. Yinchuan has been planting rice for more than2100 years. After careful cultivation and improvement by the working people,Yinchuan's rice has become a famous variety in China. The main food crops arewheat, buckwheat, white pea and so on. Vegetables are Ningxia cabbage, pepper,tomato, scallion. In addition, fern, seabuckthorn and honey are alsowell-known.
There are many soil types and diverse vegetation in Yinchuan area. Theforest covers an area of one million mu, half of which are plantations,including timber forest, shelter forest and fruit forest. With the developmentof afforestation and other greening projects, the forest area and greening areaare increasing year by year. In 1988, the State Council approved Helan Mountainas a national forest nature reserve with wildlife types. There are 183000 mu ofnatural secondary forest and 177 species of wildlife on the mountain, including16 species of rare animals under state protection.
Yinchuan is located in the north of the depression belt in the westernmargin of Ordos, with rich mineral resources. The mineral products stored in theHelanshan section of Yinchuan are mainly coal, hematite, limestone, dolomite,apatite, quartz sandstone, diabase, ceramic clay, etc., which provide favorableconditions for the development of metallurgy, chemical industry, buildingmaterials and other industries in Yinchuan, especially the high storage ofphosphate rock.
Yinchuan has a long history. As early as 20__ years ago in the period ofEmperor Wu of Han Dynasty, it was the habitat of Xiongnu, Xianbei and othernomadic peoples. With the development of the Yellow River irrigation area, somecastles have sprung up in Yinchuan plain. At that time, the castles, which werecalled Yinhan City, were the predecessor of Yinchuan city. Yinchuan county wasestablished in the northern and Southern Dynasties in the three years of Jiande(574), which was called Huaiyuan County. In 1020 ad, Li Deming, the leader ofDangxiang nationality, moved here and changed to Xingzhou. In 1038, the capitalof Xixia was established here, which lasted 189 years. After the change ofdynasties, it was renamed zhongxingfu, Ningxia, Ningxia Fu and Ningxia city. Itwas not until 1945 that Yinchuan city was established.
The term "Yinchuan" comes from the description of this section of theYellow River and its coastal plain irrigation area as "Yinchuan" in the lateMing Dynasty. This famous cultural city with a long history of more than 1000years is characterized by Xixia Culture. Xixia Mausoleum scenic spot is anational key scenic spot. Helan Mountain Nature Reserve is a national key naturereserve. Xixia mausoleum, baisikou twin pagoda and Haibao pagoda are the keycultural relics protection units in China. Yinchuan is one of the mostattractive cities in Western China because of its attractive water scenery,peculiar scenery of Saishang and colorful Hui customs.
Tourists, Yinchuan city is divided into three parts: the old city, the newcity and the new city. The old city was formerly Ningxia Fucheng in the QingDynasty, about 15 kilometers east of the Yellow River. Both the regionalgovernment and the Municipal People's government are located here. It is also acommercial district. The new city is located in the east of the railway station,7.5 kilometers away from the old city in the East. It was developed on the basisof the new Manchu city where Qianlong lived in the Qing Dynasty. After 1958, anew urban area was built on the vast desert grassland to the west of BaotouLanzhou railway. Once upon a time, in Yinchuan City, except for the drum tower,Yuhuangge, nanmenlou and other ancient buildings, most of them were low yellowmud Adobe houses. Nowadays, the ancient and new appearance of Yinchuan Citycomplement each other. Around those ancient buildings, there are many modernbuildings. At night, the lights are bright, the neon lights are flashing, andthe broad streets are full of light. When you enter Yinchuan, you can enjoy thebeauty of Ningxia's unique tradition and the present. This ancient frontierfortress city is welcoming guests from all over the world with a newattitude.
1、中国原生藏獒文化园
獒犬世界级珍稀犬种之一，根据地域分布不同，中国獒犬分为西藏獒、青海獒、西夏獒、蒙古獒、甘肃獒，獒的寿命一般为15—20_年，是杂食性动物。
獒主经过十多年的艰辛寻觅，将正濒临灭绝的原生獒犬汇集至宁夏黄沙古渡原生态旅游景区，建成了千亩地域的中国原生獒展示基地，供人们了解观赏原生獒，使中国獒犬的珍贵品种得到保护。
2、康熙渡黄河
黄沙古渡自古以来是宁夏水运的重要港口。清代康熙皇帝于1697年亲征葛尔丹，派左都御史于成龙在宁夏调运军粮，征集船只103艘，康熙及随从从陆路来宁夏，返京时则从黄沙古渡走水路，共用船只101艘，其中还有一艘“楼船”，康熙途中作诗《渡黄河》：
历尽边山再渡河，沙平岸阔水无波。
汤汤南去劳疏筑，唯此分渠利赖多。
以此描述黄沙古渡的繁忙景象以及在交通上的重要地位。
3、黄河渔村
黄河渔村是黄河边上最古老的一处民居，已存在了上千年。相传明朝皇帝朱元璋第十六子庆靖王朱栴镇守宁夏期间，清朝康熙皇帝来宁夏渡黄河时曾在此小憩。景区现存的黄河渔村是宁夏黄沙古渡生态建设有限公司20_年重建。
4、黄沙古渡黄河楼
黄沙古渡黄河楼位于景区黄河边，是黄河边上一处古老的建筑。相传明朝朱元璋第十六子庆靖王朱栴镇守宁夏时期，清朝康熙皇帝来宁夏在此渡黄河时都曾经登楼品茶观黄河。
5、黄河祭台
明末清初，由于黄河堤防失修，决溢频繁，运河航运也常受阻塞。康熙皇帝除加紧治河外，他自己也亲自钻研水利理论，并从事广泛的实地调查。为了掌握黄河的第一手情况，他曾几次亲赴现场考察。他乘船调查过下游的孟津、徐州、宿迁、邳州、桃源和清口等地，又亲自到中游的山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏等地视察。还从黄沙古渡扬帆黄河中游，历时二十二天，航程数千里。“所至之处，无不详视”。后人将他的治水言论汇编成书，定名为《康熙帝治河方略》。康熙三十六年(1697年丁丑) 二月， 康熙帝再次亲征噶尔丹时来到宁夏黄沙古渡，举行了大型的祭祀黄河仪式。传说这里就是康熙帝当年祭祀黄河时的祭台所在地。
6、宁河台
宁河台是明代为了保护这个渡口(黄沙古渡)畅通无阻而修筑的戍台。台高5.5丈，上面建亭3楹，四面建成厢房。台外有一道城墙，周长90余丈，高2.4丈，城墙四面各有重门。管理渡口的官员和保卫渡口的士兵，都住在宁河台上。当时宁夏地处边防前沿，属明代“九边”之一，《中路宁河台记》指出：“横城之津危，则灵州之道梗。灵州之道梗，则内郡之输挽不得方轨而北上，而宁夏急矣!”这说明了黄沙古渡在军事、交通上的重要性。前人曾对黄沙古渡繁忙有所描述：“河流东下自昆仑，浊流排山晓拍津。来往行人喧渡口，只因名利少闲身。”黄沙古渡周围的黄沙与绿野，烽火台与万里长城，黄河与渡船，滩渚与芳草，戍卒与渡客，构成了一幅独特景色的塞外风光。朱元漳第16子，庆靖王朱栴，曾作《黄沙古渡》描述这里的塞外景色：
黄沙漠漠浩无垠，古渡年来客问津。
万里边夷朝帝阙，一方冠盖接咸秦。
风生滩渚波光渺，雨打汀洲草色新。
西望河源天际远，浊流滚滚自昆仑。
诗中“帝阙”指明都北京;“咸秦”即咸阳、秦中，也是陕西的关中。这首诗不仅描绘黄沙古渡的壮丽景色，而且还阐述了黄沙古渡在交通上的重要地位。
7、月牙湖
公元前33年，昭君出塞和亲，在黄沙古渡，望着滚滚而去的黄河水，心中不胜凄凉。渡过黄河，感觉离长安更远了。临行前，昭君下定决心，一路上绝不回头，可刚一渡过黄河，心中对远方父母的思念猛然涌上心头。于是，她情不自禁地回头望着家乡的方向痴痴发呆，不知不觉泪水滑过脸宠，滴落在河岸的沙地上。昭君走后，她的泪水化作一汪湖水，形似月牙，人们称之为“月牙湖”。宁夏月牙湖乡的地名便由此而来。月牙湖不仅孕育了昭君留下的树种茁壮成长，还为周边的动物提供了饮用水源，由于风沙的侵袭和人为的破坏，月牙湖边昭君种下的树也被砍伐一空，月牙湖水已接近枯竭，只剩下一片月牙状的轮廓和两棵相依为命的枯树，为了纪念这两棵枯树在恶劣环境下还能长相思守的坚强精神，我们把这两棵树称之为“爱情树”。以警示后人，保护环境，爱护自然是多么重要!大家看到月牙湖旁边还有烽火台、昭君出塞和亲雕塑和昭君纪念馆、塞外浑怀障、情人廊等景观供大家参观游览。
8、浑怀障
公元前220_年，秦始皇命大将蒙恬率大军北逐匈奴，占领"河南地"，并以黄河为国防线，"因菏为塞"，修长城、筑亭障，以防匈奴南犯。其间在今黄沙古渡筑有一座城障，名为浑怀障。
9、老河滩
所谓“三十年河东、三十年河西”老河滩是黄河改道所形成的千年河滩，景区现在将此处已经打造成为供游客游憩的生态休闲体验区。
10、古渡口
黄沙古渡地处宁蒙交界之处，这一带在秦汉时期是边关重镇，曾建有秦长城和汉峰火台，是明代宁夏八景之一。是明清时期最负盛名的官渡，西夏时期叫顺化渡口，所以它已是千年古渡了。相传，秦蒙恬北击凶奴，张骞出使西域，昭君出塞和亲，卫青、霍去病抗击匈奴，清康熙微服私访及亲征噶尔丹，皆由此渡河。建国初期，宁夏黄河水运一度鼎盛，黄沙古渡商贸、军旅往返不绝，是宁夏最繁忙的渡口之一。青铜峡大坝建成后，由于没有设计船闸，宁夏水运逐步衰落，黄沙古渡也逐渐失去了昔日马嘶人语夕阳残的繁荣景象，成了千古遗憾，不过有些历史遗迹还依然可见。
11、宁夏民俗博物馆
黄沙古渡民俗博物馆是以抢救、保护、收藏、展示西北地区以及黄河流域具有代表性民间民俗物品为主要内容的综合型博物馆。坐落在黄沙古渡旅游景区内，占地面积120_㎡，其中展厅面积2300㎡，共计26个展厅。馆内共分幸福年代、生产、生活、农具、石器、铜器、灯具、木雕、工匠制造、皮影、年画、剪纸、绣品、泥塑、毛文化等展厅。馆内藏品资源丰富，特色鲜明。
